Add SFML project with Paddle class and miscellaneous utilities

- Introduced `Paddle` class for player controls in the SFML project.
- Added `main.cpp` to demonstrate basic paddle movement and rendering.
- Created reusable templates (`templates.h`) and inline class (`inlines.h`) in the `misc` module.
- Defined `structs`, `enums`, `unions` in `misc/structs_enums_unions.h`.
- Updated CMake configuration for the `sfml` and `misc` modules.
- Included new assets for backgrounds, characters, enemies, and tiles.

cpp/.idea/.name

@@ -1 +1 @@
-containers
+CMakeSFMLProject

cpp/.idea/misc.xml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <component name="CMakePythonSetting">
     <option name="pythonIntegrationState" value="YES" />
   </component>
-  <component name="CMakeWorkspace" PROJECT_DIR="$PROJECT_DIR$/containers">
+  <component name="CMakeWorkspace" PROJECT_DIR="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml">
     <contentRoot DIR="$PROJECT_DIR$" />
   </component>
 </project>

cpp/.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -2,5 +2,17 @@
 <project version="4">
   <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
     <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/.." vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-debug/_deps/flac-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-debug/_deps/freetype-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-debug/_deps/freetype-src/subprojects/dlg" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-debug/_deps/ogg-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-debug/_deps/sfml-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-debug/_deps/vorbis-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-release/_deps/flac-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-release/_deps/freetype-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-release/_deps/freetype-src/subprojects/dlg" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-release/_deps/ogg-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-release/_deps/sfml-src" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/sfml/cmake-build-release/_deps/vorbis-src" vcs="Git" />
   </component>
 </project>

cpp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,3 +4,6 @@ project(cpp)
 add_subdirectory(intro)
 add_subdirectory(pointer)
 add_subdirectory(classes)
+add_subdirectory(containers)
+add_subdirectory(misc)
+add_subdirectory(sfml)

cpp/classes/main.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "ClassA.h"
+#include <list>
 
 int main() {
     ClassA a;
@@ -25,6 +26,14 @@ int main() {
 
     ClassA a2 = a;
 
+    std::list<ClassA> l;
+    l.push_back(a);
+    l.push_back(a2);
+    l.push_back(*pA);
+    for (std::list<ClassA>::iterator it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it) {
+        // (*it).Print();
+        it->Print(); // same as line above, but simpler
+    }
 
     return 0;
 }

cpp/containers/main.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
+#include <list>
 
 #include "functions.h"
 
+typedef std::list<long long> LongLongList;
+typedef LongLongList::iterator LongLongListIterator;
+
 int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
     // C array
     int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // stack array
@@ -35,5 +39,31 @@ int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) {
 
     std::cout << "size of v: " << v.size() << "/" << v.capacity() << std::endl;
 
+    // list
+    std::list<int> l = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    l.push_front(0);
+    // int n = l[0]; // no random access for list
+
+    std::list<int>::iterator it;
+    for (it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it) {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    --it; --it;
+    std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    l.insert(it, 100);
+    for (it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it) {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    --it; --it;
+    l.erase(it);
+    for (it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it) {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    LongLongList ll = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    LongLongListIterator it2;
+
     return 0;
 }

cpp/misc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 4.1)
+project(misc)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS -pedantic-errors)
+
+add_executable(misc
+        main.cpp
+        )

cpp/misc/inlines.h

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//
+// Created by David Hackbarth on 27.02.26.
+//
+
+#ifndef MISC_INLINES_H
+#define MISC_INLINES_H
+
+class Value {
+public:
+    Value(int val) : value(val) {} // implicit inline
+    int getValue() const { return value; } // implicit inline
+private:
+    int value;
+};
+
+#endif //MISC_INLINES_H

cpp/misc/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include <random>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "templates.h"
+#include "structs_enums_unions.h"
+#include "inlines.h"
+
+int main() {
+    int *pI = new int(0);
+    long *pL = new long(0);
+
+    safeDelete<int>(pI);
+    safeDelete(pL);
+
+    Node<int> n1(1);
+    Node<int> n2(2);
+    Node<int> n3(3);
+
+    n1.next = &n2;
+    n2.next = &n3;
+
+    // random
+    std::default_random_engine generator;
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distribution(1, 100);
+
+    std::cout << distribution(generator) << std::endl;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        std::cout << distribution(generator) << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    // enums
+    Weekdays weekday = Weekdays::Monday;
+    std::cout << "Today is " << weekday << std::endl;
+
+    // unions
+    ScreenSize screen_size;
+    screen_size.u.width = 1920;
+    screen_size.u.height = 1080;
+
+    int size = sizeof(screen_size);
+
+    // structs
+    Vector3 v1 = {1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f};
+    Vector3 v2 = {4.0f, 5.0f, 6.0f};
+    Vector3 v3 = {7.0f, 8.0f, 9.0f};
+
+    bool isEqual = v1 == v2;
+    std::cout << "v1 == v2: " << isEqual << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "v1: " << v1 << std::endl;
+
+    // inline
+    Value v(42);
+    std::cout << "Value: " << v.getValue() << std::endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}

cpp/misc/structs_enums_unions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//
+// Created by David Hackbarth on 27.02.26.
+//
+
+#ifndef MISC_STRUCTS_ENUMS_UNIONS_H
+#define MISC_STRUCTS_ENUMS_UNIONS_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+struct Vector3 {
+    // public
+    float x, y, z;
+
+    bool operator==(const Vector3 &other) const { return x == other.x && y == other.y && z == other.z; }
+    bool operator!=(const Vector3 &other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+    bool operator<(const Vector3 &other) const { return x < other.x && y < other.y && z < other.z; }
+    bool operator<=(const Vector3 &other) const { return *this < other || *this == other; }
+    bool operator>(const Vector3 &other) const { return !(*this <= other); }
+    bool operator>=(const Vector3 &other) const { return !(*this < other); }
+
+private:
+    // private
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Vector3& v) {
+    os << "(" << v.x << "/" << v.y << "/" << v.z << ")";
+    return os;
+}
+
+enum Weekdays {
+    Monday = 1, Tuesday = 2, Wednesday = 3, Thursday = 4, Friday = 5, Saturday = 6, Sunday = 7,
+
+    FORCE_DWORD = 0x7fffffff // DWORD -> double word -> unsigned 32bit, word -> unsigned 16bit
+};
+
+union ScreenSize {
+    unsigned int value; // 32bit
+    struct {
+        unsigned short width; // first 16bit
+        unsigned short height; // second 16bit
+    } u;
+
+    struct {
+        unsigned short width; // first 16bit
+        unsigned short height; // second 16bit
+    } _;
+};
+
+#endif //MISC_STRUCTS_ENUMS_UNIONS_H

cpp/misc/templates.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//
+// Created by David Hackbarth on 27.02.26.
+//
+
+#ifndef MISC_TEMPLATES_H
+#define MISC_TEMPLATES_H
+
+template<class T>
+void safeDelete(T*& pObj)
+{
+    if (pObj != nullptr)
+    {
+        delete pObj;
+        pObj = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+class Node
+{
+public:
+    T data;
+    Node* next;
+
+    Node(T value) : data(value), next(nullptr) {}
+};
+
+#endif //MISC_TEMPLATES_H

cpp/sfml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.28)
+project(CMakeSFMLProject LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+
+include(FetchContent)
+FetchContent_Declare(SFML
+        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/SFML/SFML.git
+        GIT_TAG 3.0.2
+        GIT_SHALLOW ON
+        EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+        SYSTEM)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(SFML)
+
+add_executable(main
+        src/main.cpp
+        src/Paddle.cpp
+)
+target_compile_features(main PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
+target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE SFML::Graphics)
+
+set_property(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} PROPERTY VS_STARTUP_PROJECT main)