Add misc and sfml modules with initial implementations, including new classes, assets, and CMake integration.

.idea/.name

@@ -1 +1 @@
-containers
+CMakeSFMLProject

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <component name="CMakePythonSetting">
     <option name="pythonIntegrationState" value="YES" />
   </component>
-  <component name="CMakeWorkspace" PROJECT_DIR="$PROJECT_DIR$/cpp/containers">
+  <component name="CMakeWorkspace" PROJECT_DIR="$PROJECT_DIR$/cpp/sfml">
     <contentRoot DIR="$PROJECT_DIR$" />
   </component>
 </project>

cpp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ add_subdirectory(intro)
 add_subdirectory(pointer)
 add_subdirectory(classes)
 add_subdirectory(containers)
+add_subdirectory(misc)

cpp/containers/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 4.1)
 project(containers)
 
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS -pedantic-errors)
 
 add_executable(containers main.cpp

cpp/containers/main.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ int main() {
     printArrayAtPosition(numbers, 19);
 
     // vector
-    std::vector<int> v;
+    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
     v.push_back(10);
     v.push_back(20);
     v.push_back(30);
@@ -54,12 +54,27 @@ int main() {
     printArrayAtPosition(v.data(), 1);
 
     // list
-    std::list<int> l;
+    std::list<int> l = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+    l.push_front(0);
     std::list<int>::iterator it;
 
     for (it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it) {
         std::cout << *it << std::endl;
     }
 
+    --it; --it;
+    l.insert(it, 100);
+
+    for (it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it) {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    --it; --it;
+    l.erase(it);
+
+    for (it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it) {
+        std::cout << *it << std::endl;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }

cpp/misc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 4.1)
+project(misc)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS -pedantic-errors)
+
+add_executable(misc main.cpp
+        inlines.cpp)

cpp/misc/inlines.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#include "inlines.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+void Value::Print() const {
+    std::cout << "Value: " << value << std::endl;
+}

cpp/misc/inlines.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//
+// Created by David Hackbarth on 27.02.26.
+//
+
+#ifndef MISC_INLINES_H
+#define MISC_INLINES_H
+
+class Value {
+public:
+    Value(int val) : value(val) {} // implicit inline
+    int getValue() const { return value; } // implicit inline
+
+    // explicit inline, but redundant because it is already implicit inline
+    inline void setValue(int val) { value = val; }
+
+    inline void Print() const; // explicit inline
+
+private:
+    int value;
+};
+
+#endif //MISC_INLINES_H

cpp/misc/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <random>
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "inlines.h"
+#include "structs_enums_unions.h"
+#include "templates.h"
+
+int main() {
+
+    int* pI = new int(0);
+    long* pL = new long(0);
+
+    safeDelete<int>(pI);
+    safeDelete(pL);
+
+    Node<int> n1(10);
+    Node<int> n2(20);
+    Node<int> n3(30);
+
+    n1.next = &n2;
+    n2.next = &n3;
+
+    // structs
+    Vector3 v1 = { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f };
+    Vector3 v2 = { 4.0f, 5.0f, 6.0f };
+    bool isEqual = v1 == v2;
+    v1 = v1 * 3.0f;
+    v1 *= 3.0f;
+    Vector3 v3 = 3.0f * v2;
+    std::cout << "v1: " << v1 << std::endl;
+
+    // enums
+    Weekdays day = Weekdays::Friday;
+    std::cout << "day: " << day << std::endl;
+
+    // union
+    ScreenSize screen_size;
+    screen_size.u.width = 1920;
+    screen_size.u.height = 1080;
+    // screen_size.width = 1920;
+    // screen_size.height = 1080;
+    std::cout << sizeof(screen_size) << std::endl;
+
+    // inline
+    Value v(42);
+    v.setValue(69);
+    std::cout << "Value: " << v.getValue() << std::endl;
+
+    // random
+    // rand(); // old c implementation, don't use it
+    // srand(time(NULL)); // old c implementation, don't use it
+    std::default_random_engine generator(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distribution(0,100);
+
+    std::cout << distribution(generator) << std::endl;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        std::cout << distribution(generator) << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

cpp/misc/structs_enums_unions.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//
+// Created by David Hackbarth on 27.02.26.
+//
+
+#ifndef MISC_STRUCTS_ENUMS_UNIONS_H
+#define MISC_STRUCTS_ENUMS_UNIONS_H
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+struct Vector3 {
+    // public
+    float x, y, z;
+
+    bool operator==(const Vector3 &other) const {
+        return x == other.x && y == other.y && z == other.z;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const Vector3 &other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+    bool operator<(const Vector3 &other) const { return x < other.x && y < other.y && z < other.z; }
+    bool operator>(const Vector3 &other) const { return other < *this; }
+    bool operator<=(const Vector3 &other) const { return !(*this > other); }
+    bool operator>=(const Vector3 &other) const { return !(*this < other); }
+
+    Vector3 operator*(float scalar) const { return {x * scalar, y * scalar, z * scalar}; }
+
+    void operator*=(float scalar) {
+        x *= scalar;
+        y *= scalar;
+        z *= scalar;
+    }
+
+private:
+    // private
+};
+
+inline Vector3 operator*(float scalar, const Vector3 &v) { return v * scalar; }
+
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Vector3 &v) {
+    os << "(" << v.x << "/" << v.y << "/" << v.z << ")";
+    return os;
+}
+
+enum Weekdays {
+    Monday = 1, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday,
+
+    FORCE_DWORD = 0x7fffffff // DWORD -> double word -> unsigned 32bit int, word -> unsigned 16bit int
+};
+
+union ScreenSize {
+    // struct {
+    //     unsigned short width; // first 16bit
+    //     unsigned short height; // second 16bit
+    // };
+
+    struct {
+        unsigned short width; // first 16bit
+        unsigned short height; // second 16bit
+    } u;
+
+    unsigned int value;
+};
+
+#endif //MISC_STRUCTS_ENUMS_UNIONS_H

cpp/misc/templates.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//
+// Created by David Hackbarth on 27.02.26.
+//
+
+#ifndef MISC_TEMPLATES_H
+#define MISC_TEMPLATES_H
+
+template<class T>
+void safeDelete(T*& pObj)
+{
+    if (pObj != nullptr)
+    {
+        delete pObj;
+        pObj = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T>
+class Node {
+    public:
+        T data;
+        Node* next;
+
+        Node(T data) : data(data), next(nullptr) {}
+};
+#endif //MISC_TEMPLATES_H

cpp/sfml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.28)
+project(CMakeSFMLProject LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+
+include(FetchContent)
+FetchContent_Declare(SFML
+        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/SFML/SFML.git
+        GIT_TAG 3.0.2
+        GIT_SHALLOW ON
+        EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+        SYSTEM)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(SFML)
+
+add_executable(main src/main.cpp
+        src/elements/Paddle.cpp
+        src/elements/Paddle.h
+        src/elements/Ball.cpp
+        src/elements/Ball.h)
+target_compile_features(main PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
+target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE SFML::Graphics)
+
+set_property(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} PROPERTY VS_STARTUP_PROJECT main)