add recordings for 03122025

add d3d11 project
add light
2025-12-03 15:52:07 +01:00 · 2025-12-03 15:50:25 +01:00 · 2025-11-19 13:50:33 +01:00 · 2025-11-12 15:08:57 +01:00 · 2025-11-12 14:09:20 +01:00 · 2025-11-12 13:49:37 +01:00
60 changed files with 3985 additions and 12 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
 #include "Camera.h"
 UINT Camera::init(UINT width, UINT height)
 {
    // view matrix
    XMVECTOR position = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
    XMVECTOR forward = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&_viewMatrix, XMMatrixLookToLH(position, forward, up));
   // projection matrix
    XMMATRIX perspectiveMatrix = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(
        XM_PI * 0.3333333f, // field of view in radians, here 60 degrees
        static_cast<FLOAT>(width) / static_cast<FLOAT>(height), // aspect ratio
        0.3f, 10.0f // near & far clipping planes
    );
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&_projectionMatrix, perspectiveMatrix);
    return 0;
 }
 void Camera::update(FLOAT dt)
 {
 }
 void Camera::deInit()
 {
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d11.h>
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 class Camera
 {
 public:
 	UINT init(UINT width, UINT height);
 	void update(FLOAT dt);
 	void deInit();
 	const XMFLOAT4X4& getViewMatrix() const { return _viewMatrix; }
 	const XMFLOAT4X4& getProjectionMatrix() const { return _projectionMatrix; }
 	const XMFLOAT3 getCameraPosition() const { return XMFLOAT3(_viewMatrix._14, _viewMatrix._24, _viewMatrix._34); }
 private:
 	XMFLOAT4X4 _viewMatrix = {};
 	XMFLOAT4X4 _projectionMatrix = {};
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
 struct PixelInput
 {
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float4 color : COLOR;
 };
 float4 main(PixelInput INPUT) : SV_TARGET
 {
 	//return float4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // solid color
    return INPUT.color; // vertex color
    //return INPUT.color * 0.5f; // darker vertex color
    //return INPUT.color * 2.0f; // lighter vertex color
    //float4 color = INPUT.color;
    //color.r = 0.0f; // no red channel
    //color = 1 - color;
    //return color;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
 cbuffer MatrixBuffer
 {
    matrix WorldViewProjectionMatrix;
 };
 struct VertexInput
 {
    float4 position : POSITION;
    float4 color : COLOR;
 };
 struct VertexOutput
 {
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float4 color : COLOR;
 };
 VertexOutput main(VertexInput INPUT)
 {
    VertexOutput OUTPUT;
    OUTPUT.position = mul(INPUT.position, WorldViewProjectionMatrix);
    OUTPUT.color = INPUT.color;
 	return OUTPUT;
 }
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 #include "Direct3D.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
 INT Direct3D::init(HWND hWnd, UINT width, UINT height, BOOL isFullscreen)
 {
 	HRESULT hr = {};
 	// 1. define swap chain description
 	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapChainDesc = {};
 	swapChainDesc.OutputWindow = hWnd; // target window instance handle
 	swapChainDesc.Windowed = !isFullscreen; // windowed or fullscreen
 	swapChainDesc.BufferCount = 1; // amount of backbuffers, minimum 1
 	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = width;
 	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = height;
 	swapChainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM; // pixel format, here 4 channels (red, green, blue, alpha) with 8bit depth each and unsigned normalized floating points
 	swapChainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT; // which technique is used to render to back buffer
 	swapChainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD; // what happens to front buffer after swap
 	swapChainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1; // have to be at least one
 	// 2. create Direct3D device, device context & swap chain
 	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featureLevels[] = {
 		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1,
 		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
 		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
 		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0
 	};
 	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL chosenFeatureLevel = {};
 	hr = D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
 		nullptr, // graphic card, nullptr -> default adapter
 		D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, // rendering with hard- or software renderer
 		nullptr, // software renderer module reference
 		0, // optional flags
 		featureLevels, std::size(featureLevels), // which api features are supported
 		D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapChainDesc, &_pDXGISwapChain, &_pD3DDevice, &chosenFeatureLevel, &_pD3DDeviceContext);
 	CheckFailed(hr, 20);
 	// 3. create render target
 	ID3D11Texture2D* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
 	hr = _pDXGISwapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer));
 	CheckFailed(hr, 22);
 	hr = _pD3DDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(pBackBuffer, nullptr, &_pD3DRenderTargetView);
 	CheckFailed(hr, 24);
 	safeRelease(pBackBuffer);
 	// 4. create depth stencil buffer
 	// 5. create rasterizer state
 	//d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, TRUE);
 //d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID);
 //d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);
 //d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DIFFUSEMATERIALSOURCE, D3DMCS_MATERIAL);
 //d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARMATERIALSOURCE, D3DMCS_MATERIAL);
 //d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE, TRUE);
 	// 6. describe viewport
 	D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport = {};
 	viewport.TopLeftX = 0.0f;
 	viewport.TopLeftY = 0.0f;
 	viewport.Width = width;
 	viewport.Height = height;
 	// 7. setup render pipeline (device context)
 	_pD3DDeviceContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &_pD3DRenderTargetView, nullptr);
 	_pD3DDeviceContext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
 	return 0;
 }
 void Direct3D::beginScene(FLOAT r, FLOAT g, FLOAT b)
 {
 	// clear back buffer with a solid color
 	FLOAT backgroundColor[] = { r, g, b, 1.0f };
 	_pD3DDeviceContext->ClearRenderTargetView(_pD3DRenderTargetView, backgroundColor);
 }
 void Direct3D::endScene()
 {
 	_pDXGISwapChain->Present(
 		0, // sync interval, 0,1,2,3,4 -> (de-)active vsync setting and how often should be synced
 		0 // optional flags
 	);
 }
 void Direct3D::deInit()
 {
 	safeRelease(_pD3DRenderTargetView);
 	safeRelease(_pDXGISwapChain);
 	safeRelease(_pD3DDeviceContext);
 	safeRelease(_pD3DDevice);
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d11.h>
 #pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")
 class Direct3D
 {
 public:
 	INT init(HWND hWnd, UINT width, UINT height, BOOL isFullscreen);
 	void beginScene(FLOAT r, FLOAT g, FLOAT b);
 	void endScene();
 	void deInit();
 	ID3D11Device* getDevice() const { return _pD3DDevice; }
 	ID3D11DeviceContext* getDeviceContext() const { return _pD3DDeviceContext; }
 private:
 	ID3D11Device* _pD3DDevice = nullptr; // needed for creating all objects, e.g. buffer, textures, etc., used in init phase
 	ID3D11DeviceContext* _pD3DDeviceContext = nullptr; // access to render pipeline, e.g. set matrices or draw command, used in run phase
 	IDXGISwapChain* _pDXGISwapChain = nullptr; // holds references to front & back buffer & swaps them
 	ID3D11RenderTargetView* _pD3DRenderTargetView = nullptr; // target device context is rendering to
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
 #include "Light.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
 UINT Light::init(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, LightBuffer& lightData)
 {
    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC desc = {};
    desc.ByteWidth = sizeof(LightBuffer);
    desc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
    desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE; // no light update possible
    //desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC; // light update possible
    D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA initialData = {};
    initialData.pSysMem = &lightData;
    HRESULT hr = pD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&desc, &initialData, &_pLightBuffer);
    CheckFailed(hr, 70);
    return 0;
 }
 void Light::update(FLOAT dt)
 {
 }
 void Light::render(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext)
 {
    pD3DDeviceContext->PSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &_pLightBuffer);
 }
 void Light::deInit()
 {
    safeRelease(_pLightBuffer);
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d11.h>
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 class Light
 {
 public:
 	struct LightBuffer
 	{
 		XMFLOAT3 LightVector;
 		FLOAT LightIntensity;
 		XMFLOAT4 DiffuseColor;
 		XMFLOAT4 SpecularColor;
 		XMFLOAT3 CameraPosition;
 		FLOAT Phong;
 	};
 	UINT init(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, LightBuffer& lightData);
 	void update(FLOAT dt);
 	void render(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext);
 	void deInit();
 private:
 	ID3D11Buffer* _pLightBuffer = nullptr;
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
 Texture2D MainTexture;
 SamplerState MainSampler;
 cbuffer LightBuffer // has to be always 16 byte aligned
 {
    float3 LightVector;
    float LightIntensity;
    float4 DiffuseColor;
    float4 SpecularColor;
    float3 CameraPosition;
    float Phong;
 };
 struct PixelInput
 {
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float3 positionWorld : POSITION1;
    float3 normal : NORMAL;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD;
 };
 float4 main(PixelInput INPUT) : SV_TARGET
 {
    float4 texColor = MainTexture.Sample(MainSampler, INPUT.uv);
    float4 ambientColor = float4(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f);
    float4 diffuseColor = DiffuseColor;
    float4 specularColor = SpecularColor;
    float4 emissionColor = float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    float3 lightVector = normalize(-LightVector);
    float3 normalVector = normalize(INPUT.normal);
    // diffuse color
    float diffuse = dot(lightVector, normalVector); // diffuse intensity
    diffuseColor *= diffuse * LightIntensity;
    // specular color
    float3 reflectVector = normalize(reflect(-lightVector, normalVector));
    //float3 reflectVector = 2 * normalVector * diffuse - lightVector;
    float3 viewVector = normalize(CameraPosition - INPUT.positionWorld);
    float specular = pow(max(dot(reflectVector, viewVector), 0), Phong);
    specularColor *= specular * LightIntensity;
    return saturate(saturate(texColor * saturate(ambientColor + diffuseColor) + specularColor) + emissionColor);
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
 cbuffer MatrixBuffer
 {
    matrix WorldViewProjectionMatrix;
    matrix WorldMatrix;
    //float4 TilingOffset;
 };
 struct VertexInput
 {
    float4 position : POSITION;
    float3 normal : NORMAL;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD;
 };
 struct VertexOutput
 {
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float3 positionWorld : POSITION1;
    float3 normal : NORMAL;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD;
 };
 VertexOutput main(VertexInput INPUT)
 {
    VertexOutput OUTPUT;
    OUTPUT.position = mul(INPUT.position, WorldViewProjectionMatrix);
    OUTPUT.positionWorld = mul(INPUT.position, WorldMatrix);
    OUTPUT.normal = mul(INPUT.normal, (float3x3)WorldMatrix);
    OUTPUT.uv = INPUT.uv * float2(1.0f, 1.0f) + float2(0.0f, 0.0f); // uv * tiling + offset
 	return OUTPUT;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
 #include "Material.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
 #include "WICTextureLoader11.h"
 using namespace DirectX;
 UINT Material::init(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, LPCTSTR textureFileName)
 {
    UINT error = 0;
    error = createVertexShader(pD3DDevice);
    CheckError(error);
    error = createPixelShader(pD3DDevice);
    CheckError(error);
    error = createMatrixBuffer(pD3DDevice);
    CheckError(error);
    error = createTextureAndSamplerState(pD3DDevice, textureFileName);
    CheckError(error);
    return 0;
 }
 void Material::render(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext)
 {
    // set shader stages
    pD3DDeviceContext->VSSetShader(_pVertexShader, nullptr, 0);
    pD3DDeviceContext->PSSetShader(_pPixelShader, nullptr, 0);
    // set input layout
    pD3DDeviceContext->IASetInputLayout(_pInputLayout);
    // set shader resources
    pD3DDeviceContext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, &_pMatrixBuffer);
    // set texture
    pD3DDeviceContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &_pTexture);
    // set sampler state
    pD3DDeviceContext->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &_pSamplerState);
 }
 void Material::deInit()
 {
    safeRelease(_pSamplerState);
    safeRelease(_pTexture);
    safeRelease(_pMatrixBuffer);
    safeRelease(_pInputLayout);
    safeRelease(_pPixelShader);
    safeRelease(_pVertexShader);
 }
 void Material::setMatrixBuffer(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext, const XMFLOAT4X4& worldMatrix, const XMFLOAT4X4& viewMatrix, const XMFLOAT4X4& projectionMatrix)
 {
    // unpack matrix data
    XMMATRIX w = XMLoadFloat4x4(&worldMatrix);
    XMMATRIX v = XMLoadFloat4x4(&viewMatrix);
    XMMATRIX p = XMLoadFloat4x4(&projectionMatrix);
    XMMATRIX wvp = w * v * p;
    // set matrix data
    D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE bufferData = {};
    HRESULT hr = pD3DDeviceContext->Map(_pMatrixBuffer, 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &bufferData);
    if (FAILED(hr)) return;
    MatrixBuffer* matrixBuffer = static_cast<MatrixBuffer*>(bufferData.pData);
    XMStoreFloat4x4(static_cast<XMFLOAT4X4*>(&matrixBuffer->WorldViewProjectionMatrix), XMMatrixTranspose(wvp));
    XMStoreFloat4x4(static_cast<XMFLOAT4X4*>(&matrixBuffer->WorldMatrix), XMMatrixTranspose(w));
    pD3DDeviceContext->Unmap(_pMatrixBuffer, 0);
 }
 UINT Material::createVertexShader(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice)
 {
    HRESULT hr = {};
    ID3DBlob* pCompiledShaderCode = nullptr;
    // part 1 get compiled shader code
    // option 1: load high level shader code & compile
    //hr = D3DCompileFromFile(
    //    L"ColorVertexShader.hlsl", // shader file name
    //    nullptr, // optional macro defines
    //    nullptr, // pre compiled included shader code
    //    "main", // shader entry point (start function)
    //    "vs_4_0", // shader type & version
    //    0, 0, // optional flags
    //    &pCompiledShaderCode, // compiled shader code memory
    //    nullptr // error messages
    //);
    // option 2: load compiled shader code
    //hr = D3DReadFileToBlob(L"ColorVertexShader.cso", &pCompiledShaderCode);
    //hr = D3DReadFileToBlob(L"TextureVertexShader.cso", &pCompiledShaderCode);
    hr = D3DReadFileToBlob(L"LightingVertexShader.cso", &pCompiledShaderCode);
    CheckFailed(hr, 60);
    // part 2 create vertex shader object
    hr = pD3DDevice->CreateVertexShader(pCompiledShaderCode->GetBufferPointer(), pCompiledShaderCode->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &_pVertexShader);
    CheckFailed(hr, 62);
    UINT error = createInputLayout(pD3DDevice, pCompiledShaderCode);
    CheckError(error);
    safeRelease(pCompiledShaderCode);
    return 0;
 }
 UINT Material::createPixelShader(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice)
 {
    HRESULT hr = {};
    ID3DBlob* pCompiledShaderCode = nullptr;
    //hr = D3DReadFileToBlob(L"ColorPixelShader.cso", &pCompiledShaderCode);
    //hr = D3DReadFileToBlob(L"TexturePixelShader.cso", &pCompiledShaderCode);
    hr = D3DReadFileToBlob(L"LightingPixelShader.cso", &pCompiledShaderCode);
    CheckFailed(hr, 64);
    hr = pD3DDevice->CreatePixelShader(pCompiledShaderCode->GetBufferPointer(), pCompiledShaderCode->GetBufferSize(), nullptr, &_pPixelShader);
    CheckFailed(hr, 66);
    safeRelease(pCompiledShaderCode);
    return 0;
 }
 UINT Material::createInputLayout(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, ID3DBlob* pCompiledVertexShaderCode)
 {
    // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/direct3dhlsl/dx-graphics-hlsl-semantics
    D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC elements[4] = {};
    // position
    elements[0].SemanticName = "POSITION";
    elements[0].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
    // normal
    elements[1].SemanticName = "NORMAL";
    elements[1].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT;
    elements[1].AlignedByteOffset = D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
    // uv
    elements[2].SemanticName = "TEXCOORD";
    elements[2].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT;
    elements[2].AlignedByteOffset = D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
    // color
    elements[3].SemanticName = "COLOR";
    elements[3].Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;
    elements[3].AlignedByteOffset = D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT;
    HRESULT hr = pD3DDevice->CreateInputLayout(elements, std::size(elements), pCompiledVertexShaderCode->GetBufferPointer(), pCompiledVertexShaderCode->GetBufferSize(), &_pInputLayout);
    CheckFailed(hr, 68);
    return 0;
 }
 UINT Material::createMatrixBuffer(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice)
 {
    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC desc = {};
    desc.ByteWidth = sizeof(MatrixBuffer);
    desc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
    desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
    desc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
    HRESULT hr = pD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&desc, nullptr, &_pMatrixBuffer);
    CheckFailed(hr, 61);
    return 0;
 }
 UINT Material::createTextureAndSamplerState(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, LPCTSTR textureFileName)
 {
    // load texture
    HRESULT hr = CreateWICTextureFromFile(pD3DDevice, textureFileName, nullptr, &_pTexture);
    CheckFailed(hr, 63);
    // create sampler state
    D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC samplerDesc = {};
    samplerDesc.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
    samplerDesc.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP;
    samplerDesc.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_WRAP; // CAUTION: has to be set always
    samplerDesc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
    hr = pD3DDevice->CreateSamplerState(&samplerDesc, &_pSamplerState);
    CheckFailed(hr, 65);
    return 0;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d11.h>
 #include <d3dcompiler.h>
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 #pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler.lib")
 class Material
 {
 public:
 	UINT init(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, LPCTSTR textureFileName);
 	void render(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext);
 	void deInit();
 	void setMatrixBuffer(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext, const XMFLOAT4X4& worldMatrix, const XMFLOAT4X4& viewMatrix, const XMFLOAT4X4& projectionMatrix);
 private:
 	UINT createVertexShader(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice);
 	UINT createPixelShader(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice);
 	UINT createInputLayout(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, ID3DBlob* pCompiledVertexShaderCode);
 	UINT createMatrixBuffer(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice);
 	UINT createTextureAndSamplerState(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice, LPCTSTR textureFileName);
 	ID3D11VertexShader* _pVertexShader = nullptr;
 	ID3D11PixelShader* _pPixelShader = nullptr;
 	ID3D11InputLayout* _pInputLayout = nullptr; // byte structure of vertex
 	struct MatrixBuffer
 	{
 		XMFLOAT4X4 WorldViewProjectionMatrix;
 		XMFLOAT4X4 WorldMatrix;
 	};
 	ID3D11Buffer* _pMatrixBuffer = nullptr;
 	ID3D11ShaderResourceView* _pTexture = {};
 	ID3D11SamplerState* _pSamplerState = {};
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
 #include "Mesh.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
 #include "Vertex.h"
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 UINT Mesh::init(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice)
 {
 	UINT error = 0;
 	error = createVertexBuffer(pD3DDevice);
 	CheckError(error);
 	error = createIndexBuffer(pD3DDevice);
 	CheckError(error);
 	// create world matrix
 	XMStoreFloat4x4(&_worldMatrix, XMMatrixIdentity());
 	return 0;
 }
 void Mesh::update(FLOAT dt)
 {
 	static FLOAT x = 0.0f;
 	static FLOAT y = 0.0f;
 	static FLOAT z = 0.0f;
 	static FLOAT rot = 0.0f;
 	rot += 1.0f * dt;
 	FLOAT move = 1.0f * dt;
 	if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) & 0x8000) || (GetAsyncKeyState('A') & 0x8000)) x -= move;
 	if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) & 0x8000) || (GetAsyncKeyState('D') & 0x8000)) x += move;
 	if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) & 0x8000) || (GetAsyncKeyState('W') & 0x8000)) y += move;
 	if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) & 0x8000) || (GetAsyncKeyState('S') & 0x8000)) y -= move;
 	if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ADD) & 0x8000) || (GetAsyncKeyState('Q') & 0x8000)) z -= move;
 	if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SUBTRACT) & 0x8000) || (GetAsyncKeyState('E') & 0x8000)) z += move;
 	XMMATRIX translation = XMMatrixTranslation(x, y, z);
 	XMMATRIX rotation = XMMatrixRotationRollPitchYaw(rot, 0.0f, rot);
 	XMMATRIX scale = XMMatrixScaling(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
 	XMVECTOR det = XMMatrixDeterminant(translation);
 	XMStoreFloat4x4(&_worldMatrix, scale * rotation * translation);
 }
 void Mesh::render(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext)
 {
 	// set data
 	static UINT offset = 0;
 	pD3DDeviceContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &_pVertexBuffer, &_vertexStride, &offset);
 	pD3DDeviceContext->IASetIndexBuffer(_pIndexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT, 0);
 	pD3DDeviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
 	// draw
 	pD3DDeviceContext->DrawIndexed(_indexCount, 0, 0);
 }
 void Mesh::deInit()
 {
 	safeRelease(_pIndexBuffer);
 	safeRelease(_pVertexBuffer);
 }
 UINT Mesh::createVertexBuffer(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice)
 {
 	// describe vertex buffer content
 	//// quad with color
 	//Vertex vertices[] = { Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 255, 0, 0),
 	//Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0, 255, 0),
 	//Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 255, 0, 255),
 	//Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0, 0, 255) };
 	// quad with uv & normal
 	Vertex vertices[] = {
 		Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
 		Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
 		Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f),
 		Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)
 	};
 	// general data
 	_vertexCount = std::size(vertices);
 	_vertexStride = sizeof(Vertex);
 	// create vertex buffer object
 	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC desc = {};
 	desc.ByteWidth = _vertexCount * _vertexStride; // size of vertex buffer in bytes
 	desc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
 	desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE; // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/d3d11/ne-d3d11-d3d11_usage
 	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA data = {};
 	data.pSysMem = vertices;
 	HRESULT hr = pD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&desc, &data, &_pVertexBuffer);
 	CheckFailed(hr, 30);
 	return 0;
 }
 UINT Mesh::createIndexBuffer(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice)
 {
 	// describe index buffer content
 	WORD indices[] = {
 		0,1,2,
 		0,2,3
 	};
 	// general data
 	_indexCount = std::size(indices);
 	// create index buffer object
 	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC desc = {};
 	desc.ByteWidth = _indexCount * sizeof(WORD); // size of index buffer in bytes
 	desc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_INDEX_BUFFER;
 	desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;
 	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA data = {};
 	data.pSysMem = indices;
 	HRESULT hr = pD3DDevice->CreateBuffer(&desc, &data, &_pIndexBuffer);
 	CheckFailed(hr, 32);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d11.h>
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 class Mesh
 {
 public:
 	UINT init(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice);
 	void update(FLOAT dt);
 	void render(ID3D11DeviceContext* pD3DDeviceContext);
 	void deInit();
 	const XMFLOAT4X4& getWorldMatrix() const { return _worldMatrix; }
 private:
 	UINT createVertexBuffer(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice);
 	UINT createIndexBuffer(ID3D11Device* pD3DDevice);
 	ID3D11Buffer* _pVertexBuffer = nullptr; // dumps mesh vertices
 	ID3D11Buffer* _pIndexBuffer = nullptr; // dumps mesh indices
 	UINT _vertexCount = 0; // amount of vertices
 	UINT _vertexStride = 0; // size of one vertex in bytes
 	UINT _indexCount = 0; // amount of indices
 	XMFLOAT4X4 _worldMatrix = {};
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 Texture2D MainTexture;
 SamplerState MainSampler;
 struct PixelInput
 {
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD;
 };
 float4 main(PixelInput INPUT) : SV_TARGET
 {
    return MainTexture.Sample(MainSampler, INPUT.uv);
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
 cbuffer MatrixBuffer
 {
    matrix WorldViewProjectionMatrix;
    //float4 TilingOffset;
 };
 struct VertexInput
 {
    float4 position : POSITION;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD;
 };
 struct VertexOutput
 {
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float2 uv : TEXCOORD;
 };
 VertexOutput main(VertexInput INPUT)
 {
    VertexOutput OUTPUT;
    OUTPUT.position = mul(INPUT.position, WorldViewProjectionMatrix);
    OUTPUT.uv = INPUT.uv * float2(1.0f, 1.0f) + float2(0.0f, 0.0f); // uv * tiling + offset
 	return OUTPUT;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
 #include "Time.h"
 #include <string>
 UINT Time::init()
 {
    _lastTime = CLOCK::now();
    return 0;
 }
 void Time::update()
 {
    TIME_POINT now = CLOCK::now();
    SECONDS diff = now - _lastTime;
    _deltaTime = diff.count();
    _lastTime = now;
 #ifdef _DEBUG
 #ifdef UNICODE
    wstring output = L"fps: " + to_wstring(1 / _deltaTime) + L"\n";
    OutputDebugString(output.c_str());
 #else // !UNICODE
    string output = "fps: " + to_string(1 / _deltaTime) + "\n";
    OutputDebugString(output.c_str());
 #endif // UNICODE
 #endif // DEBUG
 }
 void Time::deInit()
 {
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Windows.h>
 #include <chrono>
 using namespace std;
 typedef chrono::steady_clock CLOCK;
 typedef CLOCK::time_point TIME_POINT;
 typedef chrono::duration<FLOAT> SECONDS;
 class Time
 {
 public:
 	UINT init();
 	void update();
 	void deInit();
 	FLOAT getDeltaTime() const { return _deltaTime; }
 private:
 	FLOAT _deltaTime = 0.0f;
 	TIME_POINT _lastTime = {};
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 #include "Utilities.h"
 void ShowError(UINT error)
 {
 #if _DEBUG
 	LPCTSTR msg = TEXT("Application quit with an error: ");
 #if UNICODE
 	msg = (std::wstring(msg) + std::to_wstring(error)).c_str();
 #else // UNICODE
 	msg = (std::string(msg) + std::to_string(error)).c_str();
 #endif // UNICODE
 	MessageBox(nullptr, msg, TEXT("Error"), MB_OK);
 #endif // DEBUG
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Windows.h>
 #include <string>
 void ShowError(UINT error);
 #define CheckError(x) if (x != 0) \
 { \
 	ShowError(x); \
 	return x; \
 }
 #define CheckFailed(hr, x) if (FAILED(hr)) \
 { \
 	ShowError(x); \
 	return x; \
 }
 template<typename T>
 void safeRelease(T*& obj)
 {
 	if (obj != nullptr)
 	{
 		obj->Release();
 		obj = nullptr;
 	}
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d11.h>
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 struct Vertex
 {
 	XMFLOAT3 position;
 	XMFLOAT3 normal;
 	XMFLOAT2 uv;
 	XMFLOAT4 color;
 	Vertex() : position(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), normal(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), uv(0.0f, 0.0f), color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z) : position(x, y, z), normal(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), uv(0.0f, 0.0f), color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z, UINT r, UINT g, UINT b)
 		: position(x, y, z), normal(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), uv(0.0f, 0.0f), color(r / 255.0f, g / 255.0f, b / 255.0f, 1.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z, FLOAT u, FLOAT v) : position(x, y, z), normal(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), uv(u, v), color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z, FLOAT nx, FLOAT ny, FLOAT nz, FLOAT u, FLOAT v) : position(x, y, z), normal(nx, ny, nz), uv(u, v), color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f) {}
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // File: WICTextureLoader11.h
 //
 // Function for loading a WIC image and creating a Direct3D runtime texture for it
 // (auto-generating mipmaps if possible)
 //
 // Note: Assumes application has already called CoInitializeEx
 //
 // Warning: CreateWICTexture* functions are not thread-safe if given a d3dContext instance for
 //          auto-gen mipmap support.
 //
 // Note these functions are useful for images created as simple 2D textures. For
 // more complex resources, DDSTextureLoader is an excellent light-weight runtime loader.
 // For a full-featured DDS file reader, writer, and texture processing pipeline see
 // the 'Texconv' sample and the 'DirectXTex' library.
 //
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 //
 // http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=248926
 // http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=248929
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d11_1.h>
 #pragma comment(lib,"dxguid.lib")
 #pragma comment(lib,"windowscodecs.lib")
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 namespace DirectX
 {
 #ifndef WIC_LOADER_FLAGS_DEFINED
 #define WIC_LOADER_FLAGS_DEFINED
    enum WIC_LOADER_FLAGS : uint32_t
    {
        WIC_LOADER_DEFAULT = 0,
        WIC_LOADER_FORCE_SRGB = 0x1,
        WIC_LOADER_IGNORE_SRGB = 0x2,
        WIC_LOADER_SRGB_DEFAULT = 0x4,
        WIC_LOADER_FIT_POW2 = 0x20,
        WIC_LOADER_MAKE_SQUARE = 0x40,
        WIC_LOADER_FORCE_RGBA32 = 0x80,
    };
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-dynamic-exception-spec"
 #endif
    DEFINE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(WIC_LOADER_FLAGS)
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 #endif
        // Standard version
        HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromMemory(
            _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
            _In_reads_bytes_(wicDataSize) const uint8_t* wicData,
            _In_ size_t wicDataSize,
            _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
            _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView,
            _In_ size_t maxsize = 0) noexcept;
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromFile(
        _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
        _In_z_ const wchar_t* szFileName,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView,
        _In_ size_t maxsize = 0) noexcept;
    // Standard version with optional auto-gen mipmap support
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromMemory(
        _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
        _In_opt_ ID3D11DeviceContext* d3dContext,
        _In_reads_bytes_(wicDataSize) const uint8_t* wicData,
        _In_ size_t wicDataSize,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView,
        _In_ size_t maxsize = 0) noexcept;
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromFile(
        _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
        _In_opt_ ID3D11DeviceContext* d3dContext,
        _In_z_ const wchar_t* szFileName,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView,
        _In_ size_t maxsize = 0) noexcept;
    // Extended version
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromMemoryEx(
        _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
        _In_reads_bytes_(wicDataSize) const uint8_t* wicData,
        _In_ size_t wicDataSize,
        _In_ size_t maxsize,
        _In_ D3D11_USAGE usage,
        _In_ unsigned int bindFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int cpuAccessFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int miscFlags,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView) noexcept;
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromFileEx(
        _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
        _In_z_ const wchar_t* szFileName,
        _In_ size_t maxsize,
        _In_ D3D11_USAGE usage,
        _In_ unsigned int bindFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int cpuAccessFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int miscFlags,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView) noexcept;
    // Extended version with optional auto-gen mipmap support
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromMemoryEx(
        _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
        _In_opt_ ID3D11DeviceContext* d3dContext,
        _In_reads_bytes_(wicDataSize) const uint8_t* wicData,
        _In_ size_t wicDataSize,
        _In_ size_t maxsize,
        _In_ D3D11_USAGE usage,
        _In_ unsigned int bindFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int cpuAccessFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int miscFlags,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView) noexcept;
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromFileEx(
        _In_ ID3D11Device* d3dDevice,
        _In_opt_ ID3D11DeviceContext* d3dContext,
        _In_z_ const wchar_t* szFileName,
        _In_ size_t maxsize,
        _In_ D3D11_USAGE usage,
        _In_ unsigned int bindFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int cpuAccessFlags,
        _In_ unsigned int miscFlags,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11Resource** texture,
        _Outptr_opt_ ID3D11ShaderResourceView** textureView) noexcept;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
 #include "Window.h"
 INT Window::init(HINSTANCE hInstance, UINT width, UINT height)
 {
 	// 1. describe window class
 	WNDCLASS wc = {};
 	wc.hInstance = hInstance; // application instance
 	wc.lpszClassName = TEXT("D3D11"); // name of window class
 	wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc; // message queue handler function
 	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC; // behaviour style and not visual style
 	wc.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255,0,0)); // set window background color
 	wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW); // set window cursor
 	wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(nullptr, IDI_APPLICATION); // set window icon
 	// 2. register window class
 	if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) return 10;
 	// 3. adjust window size (optional)
 	DWORD style = WS_POPUP;
 	RECT rect = { 100, 100, width + 100, height + 100 }; // left-top corner, right-bottom corner
 	AdjustWindowRect(&rect, style, FALSE);
 	// 4. create window instance
 	_hWnd = CreateWindow(
 		wc.lpszClassName, // name of window class
 		wc.lpszClassName, // window title
 		style, // visual window style
 		rect.left, rect.top, // window position
 		rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top, // window size
 		nullptr, // parent window handle
 		nullptr, // menu instance handle
 		hInstance, // application instance
 		nullptr // optional parameter
 	);
 	if (_hWnd == nullptr) return 12;
 	// 5. show window
 	ShowWindow(_hWnd, SW_SHOW);
 	SetFocus(_hWnd);
 	return 0;
 }
 BOOL Window::run()
 {
 	// 6. run window
 	// message queue
 	// GetMessage - event based message method, return something if a new a message occur
 	// PeekMessage - returns a boolean, to signale if a message is available or not
 	// TranslateMessage - translate hardware keyboard codes (scan code) into virtual key table
 	// DispatchMessage - send message to WindowProc
 	// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/messages-and-message-queues
 	MSG msg = {};
 	if (PeekMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, UINT_MAX, PM_REMOVE))
 	{
 		TranslateMessage(&msg);
 		DispatchMessage(&msg);
 	}
 	Sleep(10);
 	return msg.message != WM_QUIT;
 }
 void Window::deInit()
 {
 }
 LRESULT WindowProc(
 	HWND hWnd, // handle to window instance
 	UINT msg, // message id
 	WPARAM wParam, // main paramater
 	LPARAM lParam // additional parameters
 )
 {
 	switch (msg)
 	{
 	case WM_CLOSE:
 		DestroyWindow(hWnd);
 		break;
 	case WM_DESTROY:
 		PostQuitMessage(0);
 		break;
 	case WM_KEYDOWN:
 		if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE) DestroyWindow(hWnd);
 		break;
 	default:
 		return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <Windows.h>
 class Window
 {
 public:
 	INT init(HINSTANCE hInstance, UINT width, UINT height);
 	BOOL run();
 	void deInit();
 	HWND getWindowHandle() const { return _hWnd; }
 private:
 	HWND _hWnd = nullptr; // handle to window instance
 };
 LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
 #include <Windows.h>
 #include <random>
 #include "Window.h"
 #include "Direct3D.h"
 #include "Mesh.h"
 #include "Material.h"
 #include "Camera.h"
 #include "Time.h"
 #include "Light.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
 int WINAPI WinMain(
 	HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to instance of application
 	HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, // deprecated
 	PSTR szCmdLine, // command line
 	int nCmdShow // how should the window be opened (minimized, maximized or normal)
 )
 {
 	// some constant values
 	const UINT width = 640;
 	const UINT height = 480;
 	const BOOL isFullscreen = FALSE;
 	const INT r = 0;
 	const INT g = 0;
 	const INT b = 0;
 	UINT error = 0; // error code for identifying errors
 	// 1. create window
 	Window window = {};
 	error = window.init(hInstance, width, height);
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 2. create connection to Direct3D
 	Direct3D d3d = {};
 	error = d3d.init(window.getWindowHandle(), width, height, isFullscreen);
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 3. create a mesh
 	Mesh mesh = {};
 	error = mesh.init(d3d.getDevice());
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 4. create a camera
 	Camera camera = {};
 	error = camera.init(width, height);
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 5. create time
 	Time time = {};
 	error = time.init();
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 6. create a material
 	Material material = {};
 	error = material.init(d3d.getDevice(), TEXT("wall.jpg"));
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 7. create light source
 	Light light = {};
 	Light::LightBuffer lightData = {};
 	//directional light
 	lightData.LightVector = { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f };
 	//lightData.Type = D3DLIGHT_POINT;
 	//lightData.Position = { 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f };
 	//lightData.Range = 10.0f;
 	//lightData.Falloff = 1.0f;
 	//lightData.Attenuation0 = 1.0f;
 	//lightData.Attenuation1 = 0.2f;
 	//lightData.Attenuation2 = 0.1f;
 	lightData.DiffuseColor = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
 	lightData.SpecularColor = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
 	lightData.LightIntensity = 1.0f;
 	lightData.Phong = 8.0f;
 	lightData.CameraPosition = { 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f };
 	error = light.init(d3d.getDevice(), lightData);
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 8. run application
 	// random colors
 	//std::default_random_engine e;
 	//std::uniform_real_distribution<FLOAT> d(0.0f, 1.0f);
 	while (window.run())
 	{
 		// 8.1. update objects
 		time.update();
 		mesh.update(time.getDeltaTime());
 		camera.update(time.getDeltaTime());
 		light.update(time.getDeltaTime());
 		// 8.2. render objects
 		//d3d.beginScene(d(e), d(e), d(e));
 		d3d.beginScene(r, g, b);
 		light.render(d3d.getDeviceContext());
 		material.setMatrixBuffer(d3d.getDeviceContext(), mesh.getWorldMatrix(), camera.getViewMatrix(), camera.getProjectionMatrix());
 		material.render(d3d.getDeviceContext());
 		mesh.render(d3d.getDeviceContext());
 		d3d.endScene();
 	}
 	// 9. tidy up
 	light.deInit();
 	time.deInit();
 	camera.deInit();
 	material.deInit();
 	mesh.deInit();
 	d3d.deInit();
 	window.deInit();
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1,12 +1,35 @@
 #include "Camera.h"
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 UINT Camera::init(UINT width, UINT height)
 {
    // view matrix
    XMVECTOR position = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, -2.0f, 0.0f); // camera position
    XMVECTOR forward = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // camera forward vector
    XMVECTOR up = XMVectorSet(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // camera up vector
    XMMATRIX viewMatrix = XMMatrixLookToLH(position, forward, up);
    XMStoreFloat4x4(reinterpret_cast<XMFLOAT4X4*>(&_viewMatrix), viewMatrix);
    // projection matrix
    FLOAT fov = XM_PI * 0.3333333f; // field of view
    FLOAT aspectRatio = static_cast<FLOAT>(width) / static_cast<FLOAT>(height); // CAUTION: UINT / UINT => UINT
    FLOAT nearClippingPlane = 0.3f;
    FLOAT farClippingPlane = 100.0f;
    XMMATRIX projectionMatrix = XMMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(fov, aspectRatio, nearClippingPlane, farClippingPlane);
    XMStoreFloat4x4(reinterpret_cast<XMFLOAT4X4*>(&_projectionMatrix), projectionMatrix);
    return 0;
 }
-void Camera::update(FLOAT dt)
+void Camera::update(FLOAT dt, IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
 {
    pD3DDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &_viewMatrix);
    pD3DDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &_projectionMatrix);
 }
 void Camera::deInit()
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class Camera
 {
 public:
 	UINT init(UINT width, UINT height);
-	void update(FLOAT dt);
+	void update(FLOAT dt, IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice);
 	void deInit();
 private:
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
    <ClCompile Include="Mesh.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="Time.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="Utilities.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="WICTextureLoader9.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="Window.cpp" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
@@ -194,6 +195,8 @@
    <ClInclude Include="Mesh.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="Time.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="Utilities.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="Vertex.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="WICTextureLoader9.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="Window.h" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
    <ClCompile Include="Window.cpp">
      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
    <ClCompile Include="WICTextureLoader9.cpp">
      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClInclude Include="Camera.h">
@@ -68,5 +71,11 @@
    <ClInclude Include="Window.h">
      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
    <ClInclude Include="Vertex.h">
      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
    <ClInclude Include="WICTextureLoader9.h">
      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
@@ -1,28 +1,79 @@
 #include "Direct3D.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
 #include <random>
 INT Direct3D::init(HWND hWnd, UINT width, UINT height, BOOL isFullscreen)
 {
 	// 1. create connection to Direct3D API
 	IDirect3D9* pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
 	if (pD3D == nullptr) return 200;
 	// 2. check compatibility
 	UINT adapter = D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT; // graphic card index
 	D3DDEVTYPE devType = D3DDEVTYPE_HAL; // hardware type, hardware or software renderer
 	D3DCAPS9 caps = {};
 	HRESULT hr = pD3D->GetDeviceCaps(adapter, devType, &caps);
 	CheckFailed(hr, 210);
 	// support for fixed functiuon pipeline
 	DWORD vertexProcessing = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; // fallback
 	if (caps.VertexProcessingCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT)
 	{
 		// hardware support for fixed function pipeline
 		vertexProcessing = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
 	}
 	// 3. define presentation parameters
 	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp = {};
 	d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd; // target window to draw into
 	d3dpp.Windowed = !isFullscreen; // fullscreen window?
 	d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1; // at least 1
 	d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = width;
 	d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = height;
 	d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8; // back buffer pixel format
 	d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; // what happen to front buffer after swap
 	// 4. create Direct3D device
 	hr = pD3D->CreateDevice(
 		adapter, // graphic adapter index
 		devType, // hardware device type
 		hWnd, // target window handle
 		vertexProcessing, // optional flags, here important for fixed function pipeline support
 		&d3dpp, &_pD3DDevice
 	);
 	CheckFailed(hr, 220);
 	// 5. tidy up
 	safeRelease(pD3D);
 	return 0;
 }
 void Direct3D::beginScene()
 {
 	_pD3DDevice->BeginScene(); // draw calls only after this call
 	// clear back buffer
 	static std::default_random_engine e;
 	static std::uniform_int_distribution<UINT> d(0, 255);
 	_pD3DDevice->Clear(
 		0, nullptr, // clear specific areas only
 		D3DCLEAR_TARGET, // what to clear
 		D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255), 1.0f, 0xFFFFFFFF // how to clear
 	);
 }
 void Direct3D::endScene()
 {
 	_pD3DDevice->EndScene(); // draw calls only before this call
 	// swap front with back buffer
 	_pD3DDevice->Present(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 void Direct3D::deInit()
 {
 	safeRelease(_pD3DDevice);
 }
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ public:
 	IDirect3DDevice9* getDevice() const { return _pD3DDevice; }
 private:
-	IDirect3DDevice9* _pD3DDevice = nullptr; // our interface for api communication
+	// COM - Component Object Model
 	IDirect3DDevice9* _pD3DDevice = nullptr; // our interface for graphic card communication
 };
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 #include "Light.h"
-UINT Light::init()
+UINT Light::init(D3DLIGHT9& lightData, UINT id)
 {
    _lightData = lightData;
    _id = id;
    return 0;
 }
@@ -11,6 +14,8 @@ void Light::update(FLOAT dt)
 void Light::render(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
 {
    pD3DDevice->SetLight(_id, &_lightData);
    pD3DDevice->LightEnable(_id, TRUE);
 }
 void Light::deInit()
@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@
 class Light
 {
 public:
-	UINT init();
+	UINT init(D3DLIGHT9& lightData, UINT id = 0);
 	void update(FLOAT dt);
 	void render(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice);
 	void deInit();
 private:
 	D3DLIGHT9 _lightData = {};
 	UINT _id = 0;
 };
@@ -1,13 +1,39 @@
 #include "Material.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
-UINT Material::init(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice, LPCTSTR textureFileName)
+#include "WICTextureLoader9.h"
 using namespace DirectX;
 UINT Material::init(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice, LPCWSTR textureFileName)
 {
    // load texture
    HRESULT hr = CreateWICTextureFromFile(pD3DDevice, textureFileName, &_pTexture, 0, WIC_LOADER_MIP_AUTOGEN);
    CheckFailed(hr, 600);
    // set material
    D3DMATERIAL9 material = {};
    material.Ambient = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
    material.Diffuse = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
    material.Specular = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
    material.Emissive = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
    material.Power = 1024.0f;
    pD3DDevice->SetMaterial(&material);
    return 0;
 }
 void Material::render(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
 {
    // set texture
    pD3DDevice->SetTexture(0, _pTexture);
    // set sampler state
    pD3DDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_ADDRESSU, D3DTADDRESS_BORDER);
    pD3DDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_BORDERCOLOR, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 255));
    pD3DDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_POINT);
    pD3DDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAXMIPLEVEL, 0);
 }
 void Material::deInit()
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 class Material
 {
 public:
-	UINT init(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice, LPCTSTR textureFileName);
+	UINT init(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice, LPCWSTR textureFileName);
 	void render(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice);
 	void deInit();
 private:
-	IDirect3DTexture9* _texture = {};
+	IDirect3DTexture9* _pTexture = {};
 };
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 #include "Mesh.h"
 #include "Utilities.h"
 #include "Vertex.h"
 #include <DirectXMath.h>
 using namespace DirectX;
 UINT Mesh::init(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
 {
@@ -11,15 +16,59 @@ UINT Mesh::init(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
    error = createIndexBuffer(pD3DDevice);
    CheckError(error);
    // identity matrix
    XMMATRIX identityMatrix = XMMatrixIdentity();
    XMFLOAT4X4 worldMatrix;
    XMStoreFloat4x4(&worldMatrix, identityMatrix);
    D3DMATRIX* pWorldMatrix = reinterpret_cast<D3DMATRIX*>(&worldMatrix);
    _worldMatrix = *pWorldMatrix;
    return 0;
 }
 void Mesh::update(FLOAT dt)
 {
    static FLOAT x = 0.0f;
    static FLOAT y = 0.0f;
    static FLOAT z = 0.0f;
    static FLOAT pitch = 0.0f;
    static FLOAT yaw = 0.0f;
    static FLOAT roll = 0.0f;
    static FLOAT scale = 1.0f;
    //yaw += 1.0f * dt;
    FLOAT move = 1.0f * dt;
    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) & 0x8000) x -= move;
    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) & 0x8000) x += move;
    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) & 0x8000) y -= move;
    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) & 0x8000) y += move;
    if (GetAsyncKeyState('Q') & 0x8000) z -= move;
    if (GetAsyncKeyState('E') & 0x8000) z += move;
    XMMATRIX translationMatrix = XMMatrixTranslation(x, y, z);
    XMMATRIX rotationMatrix = XMMatrixRotationRollPitchYaw(pitch, yaw, roll);
    XMMATRIX scaleMatrix = XMMatrixScaling(scale, scale, scale);
    XMStoreFloat4x4(reinterpret_cast<XMFLOAT4X4*>(&_worldMatrix), scaleMatrix * rotationMatrix * translationMatrix);
 }
 void Mesh::render(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
 {
    // 1. set mesh data
    pD3DDevice->SetStreamSource(0, _pVertexBuffer, 0, _vertexStride);
    pD3DDevice->SetFVF(FVF);
    pD3DDevice->SetIndices(_pIndexBuffer);
    pD3DDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &_worldMatrix);
    // 2. draw call
    //pD3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, _vertexCount / 3);
    //pD3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0, _vertexCount - 2);
    //pD3DDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN, 0, _vertexCount - 2);
    pD3DDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, _vertexCount, 0, _indexCount / 3);
 }
 void Mesh::deInit()
@@ -30,10 +79,144 @@ void Mesh::deInit()
 UINT Mesh::createVertexBuffer(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
 {
    // 1. define mesh structure
    _vertexCount = 8;
    _vertexStride = sizeof(Vertex);
    // 2. create vertex buffer WITHOUT data
    HRESULT hr = pD3DDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(
        _vertexCount * _vertexStride, // vertex buffer byte length
        D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, // vertex buffer access mode
        FVF, // FVF - Flexible Vertex Format
        D3DPOOL_MANAGED, // video memory management
        &_pVertexBuffer,
        nullptr // not used anymore
    );
    CheckFailed(hr, 300);
    // 3. fill vertex buffer with data
    Vertex* pVertices = nullptr;
    hr = _pVertexBuffer->Lock(0, 0, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pVertices), 0);
    CheckFailed(hr, 310);
    // triangle
    //pVertices[0] = Vertex(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[1] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[2] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
    // quad with trianglelist WITHOUT index buffer
    //// triangle 1
    //pVertices[0] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[1] = Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[2] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
    //// triangle 2
    //pVertices[3] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[4] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[5] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
    // quad with trianglestrip
    //pVertices[0] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[1] = Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[2] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[3] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
    //// quad with trianglefan
    //// quad with trianglelist & index buffer
    // uv & normal
    pVertices[0] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    pVertices[1] = Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    pVertices[2] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    pVertices[3] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    //// cube with color
    //// front
    //pVertices[0] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 255, 0, 0);
    //pVertices[1] = Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0, 255, 0);
    //pVertices[2] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0, 0, 255);
    //pVertices[3] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 255, 0, 255);
    //// back
    //pVertices[4] = Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 255, 255, 0);
    //pVertices[5] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0, 255, 255);
    //pVertices[6] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0, 0, 0);
    //pVertices[7] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 200, 200, 200);
    // cube with uv
    //// front
    //pVertices[0] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[1] = Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[2] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    //pVertices[3] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    //// back
    //pVertices[4] = Vertex(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[5] = Vertex(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    //pVertices[6] = Vertex(-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    //pVertices[7] = Vertex(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
    hr = _pVertexBuffer->Unlock();
    CheckFailed(hr, 320);
    pVertices = nullptr;
    return 0;
 }
 UINT Mesh::createIndexBuffer(IDirect3DDevice9* pD3DDevice)
 {
    _indexCount = 36; // triangle * 3
    HRESULT hr = pD3DDevice->CreateIndexBuffer(
        _indexCount * sizeof(WORD),
        D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
        D3DFMT_INDEX16,
        D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
        &_pIndexBuffer,
        nullptr
    );
    CheckFailed(hr, 330);
    WORD* pIndices = nullptr;
    hr = _pIndexBuffer->Lock(0, 0, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pIndices), 0);
    CheckFailed(hr, 340);
    //// quad
    //// triangle 1
    //pIndices[0] = 0; pIndices[1] = 1; pIndices[2] = 2;
    //// triangle 2
    //pIndices[3] = 0; pIndices[4] = 2; pIndices[5] = 3;
    // cube
    // front
    pIndices[0] = 0; pIndices[1] = 1; pIndices[2] = 2;
    pIndices[3] = 0; pIndices[4] = 2; pIndices[5] = 3;
    // back
    pIndices[6] = 4; pIndices[7] = 5; pIndices[8] = 6;
    pIndices[9] = 4; pIndices[10] = 6; pIndices[11] = 7;
    // left
    pIndices[12] = 5; pIndices[13] = 0; pIndices[14] = 3;
    pIndices[15] = 5; pIndices[16] = 3; pIndices[17] = 6;
    // right
    pIndices[18] = 1; pIndices[19] = 4; pIndices[20] = 7;
    pIndices[21] = 1; pIndices[22] = 7; pIndices[23] = 2;
    // top
    pIndices[24] = 5; pIndices[25] = 4; pIndices[26] = 1;
    pIndices[27] = 5; pIndices[28] = 1; pIndices[29] = 0;
    // bottom
    pIndices[30] = 3; pIndices[31] = 2; pIndices[32] = 7;
    pIndices[33] = 3; pIndices[34] = 7; pIndices[35] = 6;
    hr = _pIndexBuffer->Unlock();
    CheckFailed(hr, 350);
    pIndices = nullptr;
    return 0;
 }
@@ -1,12 +1,31 @@
 #include "Time.h"
 #if _DEBUG
 #include <string>  
 #endif // _DEBUG
 UINT Time::init()
 {
    _lastFrame = CLOCK::now();
    return 0;
 }
 void Time::update()
 {
    TIMEPOINT now = CLOCK::now();
    SECONDS diff = now - _lastFrame;
    _lastFrame = now;
    _deltaTime = diff.count();
 #ifdef _DEBUG
 #ifdef UNICODE
    wstring output = L"fps: " + to_wstring(1 / _deltaTime) + L"\n";
    OutputDebugString(output.c_str());
 #else // !UNICODE
    string output = "fps: " + to_string(1 / _deltaTime) + "\n";
    OutputDebugString(output.c_str());
 #endif // UNICODE
 #endif // DEBUG
 }
 void Time::deInit()
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
 using namespace std;
 typedef chrono::steady_clock CLOCK;
 typedef CLOCK::time_point TIMEPOINT;
 typedef chrono::duration<FLOAT> SECONDS;
 class Time
 {
 public:
@@ -15,5 +19,6 @@ public:
 private:
 	FLOAT _deltaTime = 0.0f;
 	TIMEPOINT _lastFrame = {};
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <d3d9.h>
 #define FVF D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1 | D3DFVF_NORMAL
 struct Vertex
 {
 	FLOAT x;
 	FLOAT y;
 	FLOAT z;
 	FLOAT nx;
 	FLOAT ny;
 	FLOAT nz;
 	D3DCOLOR color;
 	FLOAT u;
 	FLOAT v;
 	Vertex() : x(0.0f), y(0.0f), z(0.0f), color(0xFFFFFFFF), u(0.0f), v(0.0f), nx(0.0f), ny(0.0f), nz(0.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT _x, FLOAT _y, FLOAT _z) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), color(0xFFFFFFFF), u(0.0f), v(0.0f), nx(0.0f), ny(0.0f), nz(0.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT _x, FLOAT _y, FLOAT _z, UINT r, UINT g, UINT b) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), color(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(r, g, b)), u(0.0f), v(0.0f), nx(0.0f), ny(0.0f), nz(0.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT _x, FLOAT _y, FLOAT _z, FLOAT _u, FLOAT _v) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), color(0xFFFFFFFF), u(_u), v(_v), nx(0.0f), ny(0.0f), nz(0.0f) {}
 	Vertex(FLOAT _x, FLOAT _y, FLOAT _z, FLOAT _nx, FLOAT _ny, FLOAT _nz, FLOAT _u, FLOAT _v) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), color(0xFFFFFFFF), u(_u), v(_v), nx(_nx), ny(_ny), nz(_nz) {}
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // File: WICTextureLoader9.cpp
 //
 // Function for loading a WIC image and creating a Direct3D runtime texture for it
 //
 // Note: Assumes application has already called CoInitializeEx
 //
 // Note these functions are useful for images created as simple 2D textures. For
 // more complex resources, DDSTextureLoader is an excellent light-weight runtime loader.
 // For a full-featured DDS file reader, writer, and texture processing pipeline see
 // the 'Texconv' sample and the 'DirectXTex' library.
 //
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 //
 // http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=248926
 // http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=248929
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // We could load multi-frame images (TIFF/GIF) into a texture array.
 // For now, we just load the first frame (note: DirectXTex supports multi-frame images)
 #include "WICTextureLoader9.h"
 #include <d3d9types.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cfloat>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <memory>
 #include <wincodec.h>
 #include <wrl\client.h>
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 // Off by default warnings
 #pragma warning(disable : 4619 4616 4061 4623 4626 5027)
 // C4619/4616 #pragma warning warnings
 // C4061 enumerator 'x' in switch of enum 'y' is not explicitly handled by a case label
 // C4623 default constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
 // C4626 assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
 // C5027 move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
 #endif
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcovered-switch-default"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch-enum"
 #endif
 using namespace DirectX;
 using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
 namespace
 {
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // WIC Pixel Format Translation Data
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    struct WICTranslate
    {
        const GUID& wic;
        D3DFORMAT           format;
        constexpr WICTranslate(const GUID& wg, D3DFORMAT fmt) noexcept :
            wic(wg),
            format(fmt)
        {
        }
    };
    constexpr WICTranslate g_WICFormats[] =
    {
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat,       D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf,         D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA,             D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA,             D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA1010102,      D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGRA5551,         D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGR555,           D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGR565,           D3DFMT_R5G6B5 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppGrayFloat,        D3DFMT_R32F },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGrayHalf,         D3DFMT_R16F },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGray,             D3DFMT_L16 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray,              D3DFMT_L8 },
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppAlpha,             D3DFMT_A8 },
    };
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // WIC Pixel Format nearest conversion table
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    struct WICConvert
    {
        const GUID& source;
        const GUID& target;
        constexpr WICConvert(const GUID& src, const GUID& tgt) noexcept :
            source(src),
            target(tgt)
        {
        }
    };
    constexpr WICConvert g_WICConvert[] =
    {
        // Note target GUID in this conversion table must be one of those directly supported formats (above).
        { GUID_WICPixelFormatBlackWhite,            GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray }, // D3DFMT_L8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat1bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat2bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat4bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppIndexed,           GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat2bppGray,              GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray }, // D3DFMT_L8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat4bppGray,              GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray }, // D3DFMT_L8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGrayFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGrayHalf }, // D3DFMT_R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppGrayFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppGrayFloat }, // D3DFMT_R32F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGR101010,        GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA1010102 }, // D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat24bppBGR,              GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat24bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGR,              GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA,             GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPRGBA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppBGR,              GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppBGRA,             GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPRGBA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPBGRA,            GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGBFixedPoint,    GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppBGRFixedPoint,    GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppBGRAFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBFixedPoint,    GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBHalf,          GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGBHalf,          GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppPRGBAFloat,      GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBFloat,        GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFixedPoint,  GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBFixedPoint,   GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBE,             GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppCMYK,             GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppCMYK,             GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat40bppCMYKAlpha,        GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat80bppCMYKAlpha,        GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA }, // D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGB,              GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPRGBAHalf,        GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf }, // D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F
        { GUID_WICPixelFormat96bppRGBFloat,         GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat }, // D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F
        // We don't support n-channel formats
    };
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    BOOL WINAPI InitializeWICFactory(PINIT_ONCE, PVOID, PVOID* ifactory) noexcept
    {
        HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(
            CLSID_WICImagingFactory2,
            nullptr,
            CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
            __uuidof(IWICImagingFactory2),
            ifactory
        );
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
        {
            // WIC2 is available on Windows 10, Windows 8.x, and Windows 7 SP1 with KB 2670838 installed
            return TRUE;
        }
        else
        {
            hr = CoCreateInstance(
                CLSID_WICImagingFactory1,
                nullptr,
                CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                __uuidof(IWICImagingFactory),
                ifactory
            );
            return SUCCEEDED(hr) ? TRUE : FALSE;
        }
    }
    IWICImagingFactory* GetWIC() noexcept
    {
        static INIT_ONCE s_initOnce = INIT_ONCE_STATIC_INIT;
        IWICImagingFactory* factory = nullptr;
        if (!InitOnceExecuteOnce(
            &s_initOnce,
            InitializeWICFactory,
            nullptr,
            reinterpret_cast<LPVOID*>(&factory)))
        {
            return nullptr;
        }
        return factory;
    }
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    D3DFORMAT WICToD3D9(const GUID& guid) noexcept
    {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(g_WICFormats); ++i)
        {
            if (memcmp(&g_WICFormats[i].wic, &guid, sizeof(GUID)) == 0)
                return g_WICFormats[i].format;
        }
        return D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void FitPowerOf2(UINT origx, UINT origy, UINT& targetx, UINT& targety, size_t maxsize)
    {
        const float origAR = float(origx) / float(origy);
        if (origx > origy)
        {
            size_t x;
            for (x = maxsize; x > 1; x >>= 1) { if (x <= targetx) break; }
            targetx = UINT(x);
            float bestScore = FLT_MAX;
            for (size_t y = maxsize; y > 0; y >>= 1)
            {
                const float score = fabsf((float(x) / float(y)) - origAR);
                if (score < bestScore)
                {
                    bestScore = score;
                    targety = UINT(y);
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            size_t y;
            for (y = maxsize; y > 1; y >>= 1) { if (y <= targety) break; }
            targety = UINT(y);
            float bestScore = FLT_MAX;
            for (size_t x = maxsize; x > 0; x >>= 1)
            {
                const float score = fabsf((float(x) / float(y)) - origAR);
                if (score < bestScore)
                {
                    bestScore = score;
                    targetx = UINT(x);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HRESULT CreateTextureFromWIC(
        _In_ LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 device,
        _In_ IWICBitmapFrameDecode* frame,
        _In_ size_t maxsize,
        _In_ DWORD usage,
        _In_ D3DPOOL pool,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
        _Outptr_ LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture) noexcept
    {
        UINT width, height;
        HRESULT hr = frame->GetSize(&width, &height);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            return hr;
        if (maxsize > UINT32_MAX)
            return E_INVALIDARG;
        assert(width > 0 && height > 0);
        if (!maxsize)
        {
            maxsize = 4096u /*D3D_FL9_3_REQ_TEXTURE2D_U_OR_V_DIMENSION*/;
        }
        assert(maxsize > 0);
        UINT twidth = width;
        UINT theight = height;
        if (loadFlags & WIC_LOADER_FIT_POW2)
        {
            FitPowerOf2(width, height, twidth, theight, maxsize);
        }
        else if (width > maxsize || height > maxsize)
        {
            const float ar = static_cast<float>(height) / static_cast<float>(width);
            if (width > height)
            {
                twidth = static_cast<UINT>(maxsize);
                theight = std::max<UINT>(1, static_cast<UINT>(static_cast<float>(maxsize) * ar));
            }
            else
            {
                theight = static_cast<UINT>(maxsize);
                twidth = std::max<UINT>(1, static_cast<UINT>(static_cast<float>(maxsize) / ar));
            }
            assert(twidth <= maxsize && theight <= maxsize);
        }
        if (loadFlags & WIC_LOADER_MAKE_SQUARE)
        {
            twidth = std::max<UINT>(twidth, theight);
            theight = twidth;
        }
        // Determine format
        WICPixelFormatGUID pixelFormat;
        hr = frame->GetPixelFormat(&pixelFormat);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            return hr;
        WICPixelFormatGUID convertGUID;
        memcpy_s(&convertGUID, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID), &pixelFormat, sizeof(GUID));
        D3DFORMAT format = WICToD3D9(pixelFormat);
        if (format == D3DFMT_UNKNOWN)
        {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(g_WICConvert); ++i)
            {
                if (memcmp(&g_WICConvert[i].source, &pixelFormat, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID)) == 0)
                {
                    memcpy_s(&convertGUID, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID), &g_WICConvert[i].target, sizeof(GUID));
                    format = WICToD3D9(g_WICConvert[i].target);
                    assert(format != D3DFMT_UNKNOWN);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (format == D3DFMT_UNKNOWN)
                return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }
        if (loadFlags & WIC_LOADER_FORCE_RGBA32)
        {
            memcpy_s(&convertGUID, sizeof(WICPixelFormatGUID), &GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA, sizeof(GUID));
            format = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
        }
        // Create texture
        if (loadFlags & WIC_LOADER_MIP_AUTOGEN)
            usage |= D3DUSAGE_AUTOGENMIPMAP;
        ComPtr<IDirect3DTexture9> pTexture;
        hr = device->CreateTexture(twidth, theight, 1u,
            usage, format, pool,
            pTexture.GetAddressOf(), nullptr);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            return hr;
        // Create staging texture memory
        ComPtr<IDirect3DTexture9> pStagingTexture;
        if (pool == D3DPOOL_DEFAULT)
        {
            hr = device->CreateTexture(twidth, theight, 1u,
                0u, format, D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM,
                pStagingTexture.GetAddressOf(), nullptr);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
        }
        else
        {
            pStagingTexture = pTexture;
        }
        D3DLOCKED_RECT LockedRect = {};
        hr = pStagingTexture->LockRect(0, &LockedRect, nullptr, 0);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            return hr;
        const uint64_t numBytes = uint64_t(LockedRect.Pitch) * uint64_t(theight);
        pStagingTexture->UnlockRect(0);
        if (numBytes > UINT32_MAX)
        {
            return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW);
        }
        // Load image data
        if (memcmp(&convertGUID, &pixelFormat, sizeof(GUID)) == 0
            && twidth == width
            && theight == height)
        {
            // No format conversion or resize needed
            hr = pStagingTexture->LockRect(0, &LockedRect, nullptr, 0);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
            hr = frame->CopyPixels(nullptr, static_cast<UINT>(LockedRect.Pitch), static_cast<UINT>(numBytes),
                static_cast<BYTE*>(LockedRect.pBits));
            pStagingTexture->UnlockRect(0);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
        }
        else if (twidth != width || theight != height)
        {
            // Resize
            auto pWIC = GetWIC();
            if (!pWIC)
                return E_NOINTERFACE;
            ComPtr<IWICBitmapScaler> scaler;
            hr = pWIC->CreateBitmapScaler(scaler.GetAddressOf());
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
            hr = scaler->Initialize(frame, twidth, theight, WICBitmapInterpolationModeFant);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
            WICPixelFormatGUID pfScaler;
            hr = scaler->GetPixelFormat(&pfScaler);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
            if (memcmp(&convertGUID, &pfScaler, sizeof(GUID)) == 0)
            {
                // No format conversion needed
                hr = pStagingTexture->LockRect(0, &LockedRect, nullptr, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    return hr;
                hr = scaler->CopyPixels(nullptr, static_cast<UINT>(LockedRect.Pitch), static_cast<UINT>(numBytes),
                    static_cast<BYTE*>(LockedRect.pBits));
                pStagingTexture->UnlockRect(0);
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    return hr;
            }
            else
            {
                ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter> FC;
                hr = pWIC->CreateFormatConverter(FC.GetAddressOf());
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    return hr;
                BOOL canConvert = FALSE;
                hr = FC->CanConvert(pfScaler, convertGUID, &canConvert);
                if (FAILED(hr) || !canConvert)
                {
                    return E_UNEXPECTED;
                }
                hr = FC->Initialize(scaler.Get(), convertGUID, WICBitmapDitherTypeErrorDiffusion, nullptr, 0, WICBitmapPaletteTypeMedianCut);
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    return hr;
                hr = pStagingTexture->LockRect(0, &LockedRect, nullptr, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    return hr;
                hr = FC->CopyPixels(nullptr, static_cast<UINT>(LockedRect.Pitch), static_cast<UINT>(numBytes),
                    static_cast<BYTE*>(LockedRect.pBits));
                pStagingTexture->UnlockRect(0);
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    return hr;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Format conversion but no resize
            auto pWIC = GetWIC();
            if (!pWIC)
                return E_NOINTERFACE;
            ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter> FC;
            hr = pWIC->CreateFormatConverter(FC.GetAddressOf());
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
            BOOL canConvert = FALSE;
            hr = FC->CanConvert(pixelFormat, convertGUID, &canConvert);
            if (FAILED(hr) || !canConvert)
            {
                return E_UNEXPECTED;
            }
            hr = FC->Initialize(frame, convertGUID, WICBitmapDitherTypeErrorDiffusion, nullptr, 0, WICBitmapPaletteTypeMedianCut);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
            hr = pStagingTexture->LockRect(0, &LockedRect, nullptr, 0);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
            hr = FC->CopyPixels(nullptr, static_cast<UINT>(LockedRect.Pitch), static_cast<UINT>(numBytes),
                static_cast<BYTE*>(LockedRect.pBits));
            pStagingTexture->UnlockRect(0);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
        }
        if (pool == D3DPOOL_DEFAULT)
        {
            hr = device->UpdateTexture(pStagingTexture.Get(), pTexture.Get());
            if (FAILED(hr))
                return hr;
        }
        *texture = pTexture.Detach();
        return S_OK;
    }
 } // anonymous namespace
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 _Use_decl_annotations_
 HRESULT DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromMemory(
    LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
    const uint8_t* wicData,
    size_t wicDataSize,
    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture,
    size_t maxsize,
    WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags) noexcept
 {
    return CreateWICTextureFromMemoryEx(d3dDevice, wicData, wicDataSize, maxsize, 0u, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, loadFlags, texture);
 }
 _Use_decl_annotations_
 HRESULT DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromMemoryEx(
    LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
    const uint8_t* wicData,
    size_t wicDataSize,
    _In_ size_t maxsize,
    _In_ DWORD usage,
    _In_ D3DPOOL pool,
    _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture) noexcept
 {
    if (texture)
    {
        *texture = nullptr;
    }
    if (!d3dDevice || !wicData || !wicDataSize || !texture)
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    if (!wicDataSize)
        return E_FAIL;
    if (wicDataSize > UINT32_MAX)
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_FILE_TOO_LARGE);
    auto pWIC = GetWIC();
    if (!pWIC)
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    // Create input stream for memory
    ComPtr<IWICStream> stream;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateStream(stream.GetAddressOf());
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    hr = stream->InitializeFromMemory(const_cast<uint8_t*>(wicData), static_cast<DWORD>(wicDataSize));
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    // Initialize WIC
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder;
    hr = pWIC->CreateDecoderFromStream(stream.Get(), nullptr, WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnDemand, decoder.GetAddressOf());
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode> frame;
    hr = decoder->GetFrame(0, frame.GetAddressOf());
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    return CreateTextureFromWIC(d3dDevice, frame.Get(), maxsize, usage, pool, loadFlags, texture);
 }
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 _Use_decl_annotations_
 HRESULT DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromFile(
    LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
    const wchar_t* fileName,
    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture,
    size_t maxsize,
    WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags) noexcept
 {
    return CreateWICTextureFromFileEx(d3dDevice, fileName, maxsize, 0u, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, loadFlags, texture);
 }
 _Use_decl_annotations_
 HRESULT DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromFileEx(
    LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
    const wchar_t* fileName,
    size_t maxsize,
    DWORD usage,
    D3DPOOL pool,
    WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture) noexcept
 {
    if (texture)
    {
        *texture = nullptr;
    }
    if (!d3dDevice || !fileName || !texture)
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    auto pWIC = GetWIC();
    if (!pWIC)
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    // Initialize WIC
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder;
    HRESULT hr = pWIC->CreateDecoderFromFilename(fileName,
        nullptr,
        GENERIC_READ,
        WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnDemand,
        decoder.GetAddressOf());
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode> frame;
    hr = decoder->GetFrame(0, frame.GetAddressOf());
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    return CreateTextureFromWIC(d3dDevice, frame.Get(), maxsize, usage, pool, loadFlags, texture);
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // File: WICTextureLoader9.h
 //
 // Function for loading a WIC image and creating a Direct3D runtime texture for it
 // (auto-generating mipmaps if possible)
 //
 // Note: Assumes application has already called CoInitializeEx
 //
 // Note these functions are useful for images created as simple 2D textures. For
 // more complex resources, DDSTextureLoader is an excellent light-weight runtime loader.
 // For a full-featured DDS file reader, writer, and texture processing pipeline see
 // the 'Texconv' sample and the 'DirectXTex' library.
 //
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
 // Licensed under the MIT License.
 //
 // http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=248926
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #pragma once
 #ifndef DIRECT3D_VERSION
 #define DIRECT3D_VERSION 0x900
 #endif
 #include <d3d9.h>
 #pragma comment(lib,"windowscodecs.lib")
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 namespace DirectX
 {
 #ifndef WIC_LOADER_FLAGS_DEFINED
 #define WIC_LOADER_FLAGS_DEFINED
    enum WIC_LOADER_FLAGS : uint32_t
    {
        WIC_LOADER_DEFAULT = 0,
        WIC_LOADER_MIP_AUTOGEN = 0x8,
        WIC_LOADER_FIT_POW2 = 0x20,
        WIC_LOADER_MAKE_SQUARE = 0x40,
        WIC_LOADER_FORCE_RGBA32 = 0x80,
    };
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-dynamic-exception-spec"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wextra-semi-stmt"
 #endif
    DEFINE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(WIC_LOADER_FLAGS);
 #ifdef __clang__
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 #endif
    // Standard version
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromMemory(
        _In_ LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
        _In_reads_bytes_(wicDataSize) const uint8_t* wicData,
        _In_ size_t wicDataSize,
        _Outptr_ LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture,
        _In_ size_t maxsize = 0,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags = WIC_LOADER_DEFAULT) noexcept;
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromFile(
        _In_ LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
        _In_z_ const wchar_t* fileName,
        _Outptr_ LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture,
        _In_ size_t maxsize = 0,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags = WIC_LOADER_DEFAULT) noexcept;
    // Extended version
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromMemoryEx(
        _In_ LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
        _In_reads_bytes_(wicDataSize) const uint8_t* wicData,
        _In_ size_t wicDataSize,
        _In_ size_t maxsize,
        _In_ DWORD usage,
        _In_ D3DPOOL pool,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
        _Outptr_ LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture) noexcept;
    HRESULT CreateWICTextureFromFileEx(
        _In_ LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3dDevice,
        _In_z_ const wchar_t* fileName,
        _In_ size_t maxsize,
        _In_ DWORD usage,
        _In_ D3DPOOL pool,
        _In_ WIC_LOADER_FLAGS loadFlags,
        _Outptr_ LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* texture) noexcept;
 }
@@ -1,16 +1,47 @@
 #include "Window.h"
 // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/learnwin32/creating-a-window
 INT Window::init(HINSTANCE hInstance, UINT width, UINT height)
 {
    // 1. describe window class
    WNDCLASS wc = {};
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.lpszClassName = TEXT("D3D9"); // class name
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc; // callback function for windows to communicate with our application
    wc.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0, 255, 0));
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(nullptr, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC; // technical behaviour
    // 2. register window class
    if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) return 100;
    // 3. adjust window size (optional)
    DWORD style = {};
    style = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; // window with border & title
    //style = WS_POPUP; // window without any border or title
    RECT rect = { 100, 100, width + 100, height + 100 }; // left top right bottom
    AdjustWindowRect(&rect, style, FALSE);
    // 4. create window instance
    _hWnd = CreateWindow(
        wc.lpszClassName, // class name of window class to be instantiated
        wc.lpszClassName, // window title
        style, // visual style
        rect.left, rect.top, // window position (left-top corner)
        rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top, // window size
        nullptr, // handle to parent window
        nullptr, // handle to menu instance
        hInstance,
        nullptr // pointer to optional parameter
    );
    if (_hWnd == nullptr) return 110;
    // 5. show window
    ShowWindow(_hWnd, SW_SHOW);
    SetFocus(_hWnd);
    return 0;
 }
@@ -18,10 +49,41 @@ INT Window::init(HINSTANCE hInstance, UINT width, UINT height)
 BOOL Window::run()
 {
    // 6. run window
    // GetMessage - syncronous call which holds until a new message arrived
    // PeekMessage - get last message from message queue or nothing if there is no message
    // TranslateMessage - translates keyboard input
    // DispatchMessage - send message to WindowProcedure
    MSG msg = {};
    if (PeekMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, UINT_MAX, PM_REMOVE))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }
-    return 0;
+    return msg.message != WM_QUIT;
 }
 void Window::deInit()
 {
 }
 LRESULT WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_CLOSE:
        DestroyWindow(hWnd);
        return 0;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
        if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE) DestroyWindow(hWnd);
        break;
    }
    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
 }
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ private:
 	HWND _hWnd = nullptr; // handle to window instance
 };
 LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(
 	error = d3d.init(window.getWindowHandle(), width, height, isFullscreen);
 	CheckError(error);
 	// set render states
 	d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_CCW);
 	d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, TRUE);
 	d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE, TRUE);
 	d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DIFFUSEMATERIALSOURCE, D3DMCS_MATERIAL);
 	d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARMATERIALSOURCE, D3DMCS_MATERIAL);
 	// 3. create a mesh
 	Mesh mesh = {};
 	error = mesh.init(d3d.getDevice());
@@ -54,16 +61,30 @@ int WINAPI WinMain(
 	// 7. create light source
 	Light light = {};
-	error = light.init();
+	D3DLIGHT9 lightData = {};
 	lightData.Type = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;
 	lightData.Direction = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
 	lightData.Diffuse = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
 	lightData.Specular = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
 	lightData.Ambient = { 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 1.0f };
 	error = light.init(lightData);
 	CheckError(error);
 	// 8. run application
 	while (window.run())
 	{
 		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1) & 0x8000) d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);
 		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2) & 0x8000) d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID);
 		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F3) & 0x8000) d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_POINT);
 		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F4) & 0x8000) d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);
 		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F5) & 0x8000) d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_CW);
 		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F6) & 0x8000) d3d.getDevice()->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_CCW);
 		// 8.1. update objects
 		time.update();
 		mesh.update(time.getDeltaTime());
-		camera.update(time.getDeltaTime());
+		camera.update(time.getDeltaTime(), d3d.getDevice());
 		light.update(time.getDeltaTime());
 		// 8.2. render objects
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
 # Visual Studio Version 17
-VisualStudioVersion = 17.14.36414.22 d17.14
+VisualStudioVersion = 17.14.36414.22
 MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "D3D9", "D3D9\D3D9.vcxproj", "{0A0FC4EF-7B17-42CF-9AC6-B54B176258A5}"
 EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "D3D11", "D3D11\D3D11.vcxproj", "{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}"
 EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|ARM64 = Debug|ARM64
@@ -27,6 +29,18 @@ Global
 		{0A0FC4EF-7B17-42CF-9AC6-B54B176258A5}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{0A0FC4EF-7B17-42CF-9AC6-B54B176258A5}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
 		{0A0FC4EF-7B17-42CF-9AC6-B54B176258A5}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Debug|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Debug|ARM64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Debug|ARM64.Build.0 = Debug|ARM64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Release|ARM64.ActiveCfg = Release|ARM64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Release|ARM64.Build.0 = Release|ARM64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
 		{C46808CF-936B-4F98-81C2-1E10D9F1822F}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
david	e430508772	add recordings for 03122025	2025-12-03 15:52:07 +01:00
david	0e73ed0ee3	add d3d11 project	2025-12-03 15:50:25 +01:00
david	770c3f790b	add light	2025-11-19 13:50:33 +01:00
david	4910894bef	add texture mapping	2025-11-12 15:08:57 +01:00
david	a39f37ac4e	add wall texture add WICTextureLoader add uv coordinates	2025-11-12 14:09:20 +01:00
david	6470789977	add vertex color add time calculation	2025-11-12 13:49:37 +01:00
david	589d0933f4	add input add time	2025-09-24 15:37:58 +02:00
david	10d4f9fd1b	add transformation	2025-09-24 13:35:00 +02:00
david	5322f857d3	add adjust window rect	2025-09-24 13:10:15 +02:00
david	53cf8b96a3	add world matrix add view matrix add projection matrix	2025-09-17 16:08:23 +02:00
david	e5451c10fc	add mesh examples	2025-09-17 14:20:46 +02:00
david	7aa8e8e79c	add mesh creation (WIP)	2025-09-10 16:08:11 +02:00
david	3bda921efb	add direct3D	2025-09-10 15:24:32 +02:00
david	ed7b1816e9	add window message queue	2025-09-10 13:34:42 +02:00
david	f98cacdde3	add window (WIP)	2025-09-03 16:10:19 +02:00