Added: C++ projects

CPlusPlus/Classes/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "AttackType.h"
+#include "Entity.h"
+#include "Monster.h"
+#include "Ork.h"
+#include "Vector3.h"
+#include "Weapon.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+
+int main()
+{
+    Entity e("John"); // this is an entity instance
+    cout << e.toString() << endl;
+    e.setName("Fred");
+
+    Monster m("Doe");
+    cout << m.toString() << endl;
+    m.setName("Jane");
+
+    Ork o("Alex");
+
+    Monster m2 = m; // m2 is a copy of m
+
+    Vector3 v;
+    v.x = 1.0f;
+    v.y = 2.0f;
+    v.z = 3.0f;
+
+    Vector3 v2(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
+    Vector3 v3 = Vector3(1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f);
+    Vector3 v4 = {1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f}; // list-initialization assigned
+    Vector3 v5 { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f }; // list-initialization
+
+    Weapon w;
+    w.setAmmo(100);
+    // int ammo = w.getAmmo();
+    cout << w.getAmmo() << endl;
+    w.setDamage(9999);
+    int damage = w.getDamage();
+
+    Weapon* pWeapon = new Weapon();
+    pWeapon->setAmmo(100);
+    int ammo2 = pWeapon->getAmmo();
+
+    AttackType at = Melee;
+    at = AttackType::Ranged;
+
+    // interfaces & abstract classes
+    IComparable* pComparable = nullptr;
+    pComparable = &m;
+    pComparable = &o;
+    pComparable->compareTo(o);
+    (*pComparable).compareTo(o); // same as pComparable->compareTo(o)
+
+    IComparable* comparables[] = { new Ork("Ork 1"), new Ork("Ork 2"), new Monster };
+    for (int i = 0; i < size(comparables); ++i)
+    {
+        comparables[i]->compareTo(o);
+        delete comparables[i];
+        comparables[i] = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // create a heap pointer array
+    IComparable** heapComparables = new IComparable*[3];
+    heapComparables[0] = new Ork("Ork 1");
+    heapComparables[1] = new Ork("Ork 2");
+    heapComparables[2] = new Monster;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+    {
+        // delete the elements first
+        delete heapComparables[i];
+        heapComparables[i] = nullptr;
+    }
+    delete[] heapComparables;
+    heapComparables = nullptr;
+
+    // casts
+    // c cast
+    int number = -100000000;
+    unsigned short smallPositiveNumber = (unsigned short)number;
+    int *pNumber = &number;
+    unsigned short* pSmallPositiveNumber = (unsigned short*)pNumber;
+    float fNumber = (float)number;
+    float* pFNumber = (float*)pNumber;
+    int* pNumbers = new int[3];
+    void** pVoidNumbers = (void**)&pNumbers;
+    Monster* pMonster = (Monster*)pNumbers;
+    Monster* pMonster2 = new Ork("Bla bla");
+    Ork* pOrk = (Ork*)pMonster2;
+    string toString = pOrk->toString();
+    pOrk->testMethod();
+    Monster* pMonster3 = new Monster();
+    Ork* pOrk2 = (Ork*)pMonster3;
+    string toString2 = pOrk2->toString();
+
+    // runtime error, because pMonster3 is a Monster, not an Ork,
+    // virtual table lookup is in the Monster and not the Ork class
+    // pOrk2->testMethod();
+
+    // c++ cast
+    // static_cast
+    smallPositiveNumber = static_cast<unsigned short>(number);
+
+    // compiler error, use reinterpret_cast with caution instead
+    // pSmallPositiveNumber = static_cast<unsigned short*>(pNumber);
+
+    fNumber = static_cast<float>(number);
+    // pFNumber = static_cast<float*>(pNumber);
+    // pVoidNumbers = static_cast<void**>(pNumbers);
+    pOrk = static_cast<Ork*>(pMonster2); // possible, but dynamic_cast is better
+    // Weapon* pWeapon = static_cast<Weapon*>(pMonster2); // compiler error, because Monster and Weapon are unrelated
+    // pOrk2 = static_cast<Ork*>(pMonster3); // possible, but dynamic_cast is better and this example will not work at all
+
+    // dynamic_cast, do runtime checks, same as 'as' in C#
+    pOrk = dynamic_cast<Ork*>(pMonster2);
+    pOrk2 = dynamic_cast<Ork*>(pMonster3);
+
+    // reinterpret_cast
+    // smallPositiveNumber = reinterpret_cast<unsigned short>(number); // compiler error, use static_cast instead
+    pSmallPositiveNumber = reinterpret_cast<unsigned short*>(pNumber);
+    pFNumber = reinterpret_cast<float*>(pNumber);
+
+    // const_cast
+    const char* sz = "Test";
+    // sz[0] = 'H'; // compiler error, use const_cast instead
+    // char* nonConstSz = sz;
+    char* nonConstSz = const_cast<char*>(sz);
+    nonConstSz[0] = 'H';
+
+    const string str = "Test";
+    string str2 = str;
+    str.c_str(); // if you need a zero terminated string, use c_str()
+    string str3 = to_string(number);
+
+    delete[] pNumbers;
+    pNumbers = nullptr;
+    pVoidNumbers = nullptr;
+    pNumber = nullptr;
+    pSmallPositiveNumber = nullptr;
+    pFNumber = nullptr;
+    pMonster = nullptr;
+    delete pMonster2;
+    pMonster2 = nullptr;
+    delete pMonster3;
+    pMonster3 = nullptr;
+
+    return 0;
+}