add pointer in classes

add interfaces

CPlusPlus/Classes/Classes.vcxproj

@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="Entity.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="ICompareable.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Monster.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Ork.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="Vector3.h" />

CPlusPlus/Classes/Classes.vcxproj.filters

@@ -47,5 +47,8 @@
     <ClInclude Include="Vector3.h">
       <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="ICompareable.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>

CPlusPlus/Classes/ICompareable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// only for demonstration
+#include <iostream>
+
+class ICompareable
+{
+public:
+	ICompareable() { std::cout << "ICompareable::ICompareable()" << std::endl; } // constructor, only for demonstration
+	virtual ~ICompareable() { std::cout << "ICompareable::~ICompareable()" << std::endl; } // destructor
+
+	virtual bool Compare(const ICompareable* pOther) = 0; // pure virtual - abstract method
+};

CPlusPlus/Classes/Monster.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,30 @@
 #include "Monster.h"
+#include <iostream>
 
-Monster::Monster()
+Monster::Monster() : _pWeapon(new Weapon())
 {
 	//ToString();
+
+	std::cout << "Monster::Monster()" << std::endl;
+}
+
+Monster::Monster(const Monster& other)
+{
+	// shallow copy
+	this->_name = other._name;
+	//this->_pWeapon = other._pWeapon;
+
+	// deep copy
+	this->_pWeapon = new Weapon(*other._pWeapon);
+}
+
+Monster::~Monster()
+{
+	std::cout << "Monster::~Monster()" << std::endl;
+
+	if (_pWeapon != nullptr)
+	{
+		delete _pWeapon;
+		_pWeapon = nullptr;
+	}
 }

CPlusPlus/Classes/Monster.h

@@ -1,10 +1,25 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "Entity.h"
+#include "Vector3.h"
+#include "ICompareable.h"
+#include "Weapon.h"
 
-class Monster : public MyNamespace::Entity
+class Monster : public MyNamespace::Entity, public ICompareable
 {
 public:
+	// constructor, copy-constructor & destructor, 
+	// if you need one, you'll need all of them
+	// internal pointers often requires constrcutor, copy-constructor & destructor
 	Monster();
+	//Monster(Weapon* weapon);
+	Monster(const Monster& other);
+	virtual ~Monster();
 
 	std::string ToString() override { return "Monster"; }
+
+	virtual void Move(const Vector3& move) = 0;
+	bool Compare(const ICompareable* pOther) override;
+
+protected:
+	Weapon* _pWeapon = nullptr;
 };

CPlusPlus/Classes/Ork.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,23 @@
 #include "Ork.h"
+#include <iostream>
 
 Ork::Ork()
 {
 	//ToString();
+
+	std::cout << "Ork::Ork()" << std::endl;
+}
+
+Ork::~Ork()
+{
+	std::cout << "Ork::~Ork()" << std::endl;
+}
+
+void Ork::Move(const Vector3& move)
+{
+}
+
+bool Monster::Compare(const ICompareable* pOther)
+{
+	return false;
 }

CPlusPlus/Classes/Ork.h

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ class Ork : public Monster
 {
 public:
 	Ork();
+	~Ork();
 
 	std::string ToString() override { return "Ork"; }
+
+	void Move(const Vector3& move) override;
 };

CPlusPlus/Classes/main.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "Entity.h"
 #include "Monster.h"
 #include "Vector3.h"
+#include "Ork.h"
 
 using namespace MyNamespace;
 using namespace std;
@@ -11,12 +12,29 @@ int main()
 	Entity entity; // this is an instance
 	cout << entity.ToString() << endl;
 
-	Monster monster;
+	// can't be instantiated, because it is abstract
-	cout << monster.ToString() << endl;
+	//Monster monster;
+	//cout << monster.ToString() << endl;
 
 	Vector3 position(1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f);
 	Vector3 position2 = Vector3();
 	Vector3 position3{}; // list-initializer
 
+	Ork ork;
+	ork.Move(position);
+
+	Monster* pMonster = new Ork();
+	delete pMonster;
+	pMonster = nullptr;
+
+	ICompareable* pCompareables[] = { new Ork, new Ork, new Ork };
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < size(pCompareables); i++)
+	{
+		delete pCompareables[i];
+		pCompareables[i] = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	Ork ork2 = ork;
+
 	return 0;
 }

CPlusPlus/Collections/main.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
 #include <list>
+#include <algorithm>
 
 using namespace std;
 
@@ -42,7 +43,38 @@ int main()
 	printArray(numbers4);
 	printArray(numbers4, size(numbers4));
 
-	// "dynamic" (...) arrays
+	// "dynamic" heap arrays
+	int count2 = 10;
+	int* pNumbers = new int[count2];
+	pNumbers[0] = 10;
+	int* pNumber = pNumbers; // pNumber points onto the first element
+	//pNumber++; // pNumber points onto the second element
+	//pNumber--;
+	//pNumber += 2;
+	cout << "\"dynamic\" heap arrays" << endl;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < count2; i++) // CAUTION - size is not working with heap arrays, we have to remember the size of the array
+	{
+		cout << pNumber << ": " << *pNumber << endl;
+		pNumber++;
+	}
+	delete[] pNumbers; // CAUTION - heap arrays have to be deleted with delete[]
+	pNumbers = pNumber = nullptr;
+
+	// 2d arrays
+	int** p2dArray = new int* [10];
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+	{
+		p2dArray[i] = new int[10];
+	}
+
+	// for delete -> delete inner arrays first
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+	{
+		delete[] p2dArray[i];
+		p2dArray[i] = nullptr;
+	}
+	delete[] p2dArray; // then outer array
+	p2dArray = nullptr;
 
 	// stl collections
 	vector<int> numbers5;
@@ -60,6 +92,28 @@ int main()
 	numbersList.push_back(10);
 	numbersList.push_front(0);
 	//numbersList[0] = 100; // random access is not available for lists
+	list<int>::iterator it = numbersList.begin();
+	for (; it != numbersList.end(); it++)
+	{
+		cout << *it << " ";
+	}
+	cout << endl;
+
+	numbersList.insert(--it, 20);
+
+	for (it = numbersList.begin(); it != numbersList.end(); it++)
+	{
+		cout << *it << " ";
+	}
+	cout << endl;
+
+	for (int n : numbersList)
+	{ }
+
+	// https://cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm.html
+	for_each(numbersList.begin(), numbersList.end(), [](const int& n) {
+
+	});
 
 	return 0;
 }

CPlusPlus/Pointer/main.cpp

@@ -65,5 +65,19 @@ int main()
 	shared_ptr<int> pTmpSharedPointer2 = pNumber7.lock();
 	if (pTmpSharedPointer2 != nullptr) *pTmpSharedPointer2 = 10; // smart pointer are no guarantee for a valid object behind the pointer
 
+	// const exercise
+	// int *
+	// const int *
+	// int const *
+	// int * const
+	// const int * const
+	// int const * const
+	// const int const * const
+	// const int const const * const
+
+	// const int* pNumber = new int(0);
+	// *pNumber = 10; // is this working
+	// pNumber = new int(0); // is this working
+
 	return 0;
 }