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add collections

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add pointers
This commit is contained in:
david
2025-09-16 18:10:24 +02:00
parent 27a9acdee6
commit d8f6014fab
12 changed files with 634 additions and 1 deletions
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CPlusPlus/CPlusPlus.sln
+28
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@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "Forward_Declaration", "Forw
EndProject EndProject
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Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "Collections", "Collections\Collections.vcxproj", "{7F3BDA2C-AB30-4D85-8C4E-ABF7B99EA179}"
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Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "Pointers", "Pointers\Pointers.vcxproj", "{2706F4B0-BA3F-49A4-BC54-59F9764A974F}"
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@@ -55,6 +59,30 @@ Global
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CPlusPlus/Collections/Collections.vcxproj
+188
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CPlusPlus/Collections/Collections.vcxproj.filters
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CPlusPlus/Collections/grid.cpp
+6
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#include "grid.h"
int calculateIndex(int x, int y)
{
return x + y * COLUMNS;
}
CPlusPlus/Collections/grid.h
+6
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@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#pragma once
#define COLUMNS 10
#define ROWS 5
int calculateIndex(int x, int y);
CPlusPlus/Collections/main.cpp
+88
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@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include "grid.h"
using namespace std;
void printArray(int numbers[]);
void printArray(int numbers[], size_t count);
int main()
{
// C arrays
int numbers[10];
for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
numbers[i] = 0;
}
int numbers2[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
int numbers3[10] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
numbers[0] = 10;
cout << "numbers[5]: " << numbers[5] << endl;
// 2D array - 10 columns, 5 rows
int grid[COLUMNS * ROWS] = {};
grid[calculateIndex(3, 2)] = 10; // 4th column, 3rd row
// size has to be always constant
const int count = 10;
int numbers4[count] = {};
int length = sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(numbers[0]); // works only with local constant sized arrays
for (size_t i = 0; i < size(numbers); i++) // works only with local constant sized arrays, but it is safer than sizeof
{
cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
printArray(numbers);
printArray(numbers, size(numbers));
// "dynamic" (...) arrays
// stl collections
vector<int> numbers5;
vector<int> numbers6 = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 };
numbers5.push_back(10); // add an item at the end
numbers5.pop_back(); // remove the last item
numbers6[1] *= 2;
vector<int> numbers7;
numbers7.reserve(100);
numbers7.shrink_to_fit();
printArray(numbers6.data(), numbers6.size());
list<int> numbersList;
numbersList.push_back(10);
numbersList.push_front(0);
//numbersList[0] = 5; // random access is not available for lists
return 0;
}
void printArray(int numbers[])
{
int length = sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(numbers[0]); // works not outside of the local scope
cout << "sizeof(numbers): " << sizeof(numbers) << endl;
//for (size_t i = 0; i < size(numbers); i++) // size is not working outside of the local scope
//{
// cout << numbers[i] << " ";
//}
//cout << endl;
}
void printArray(int numbers[], size_t count)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
CPlusPlus/Pointers/Pointers.vcxproj
+188
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CPlusPlus/Pointers/Pointers.vcxproj.filters
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CPlusPlus/Pointers/functions.cpp
+26
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#include "functions.h"
void changeInteger(int n)
{
n *= 2;
}
int changeIntegerPerReturn(int n)
{
return n * 2;
}
bool changeIntegerPerPointer(int* pN)
{
if (pN == nullptr) return false;
*pN *= 2;
return true;
}
bool changeIntegerPerReference(int& n)
{
n *= 2;
return true;
}
CPlusPlus/Pointers/functions.h
+6
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#pragma once
void changeInteger(int n);
int changeIntegerPerReturn(int n);
bool changeIntegerPerPointer(int* pN);
bool changeIntegerPerReference(int& n);
CPlusPlus/Pointers/main.cpp
+37
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#include <iostream>
#include "functions.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// general
int* pNumber = nullptr; // pointer definition, always initialize a pointer (at least with nullptr)
pNumber = new int(0); // creates a new integer value on the heap
cout << "size of pointer: " << sizeof(pNumber) << endl;
cout << "size of pointer data: " << sizeof(*pNumber) << endl;
*pNumber = 789;
//pNumber = new int(0); // BAD BAD - memory leak, because we override an existin g pointer address with a new one without saving or deleting the old one
// here are 100s lines of code
if (pNumber != nullptr)
{
delete pNumber;
pNumber = nullptr;
}
// pointer as references outside local scope
int number = 10;
changeInteger(number);
number = changeIntegerPerReturn(number);
changeIntegerPerPointer(&number);
changeIntegerPerPointer(pNumber);
changeIntegerPerReference(number);
return 0;
}